Anterior urethral valves (AUVs) are rare congenital anomalies causing lower urinary tract obstruction in children. Although they are referred to as valves, these obstructive structures often occur in the form of a diverticulum. Congenital anterior urethral diverticulum (CAUD) is an uncommon/rare entity in children which can lead to obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms and urosepsis. Over the past 20 years, more than 260 cases have been reported. However, most cases are diagnosed on prenatal ultrasonography (USG) in early life if patients present with bilateral hydronephrosis and/or azotemia. Diagnosis is by ureteroscopy and radiological imaging. Surgical treatment can be open or endoscopic. Here, we report a new case of CAUD and discuss its clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. A brief review of the literature is also presented.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare benign lesion found in many locations throughout the body and genitourinary tract. In bladder, being very uncommon, it arises from submucosal stroma as a polypoidal growth, and is easily mistaken for a malignant neoplasm-both clinically and radiologically. Essential criteria for the diagnosis of IMT are spindle myoepithelial cell proliferation and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Here, we report a case of a 29-year-old male who presented with painless gross hematuria for 3 days. The patient underwent transurethral resection of the tumor and the final pathological diagnosis was IMT of the bladder.