Because of the growing utilization of renewable raw materials, the technical use of lignocellulosic fibres from wood and other annual plant materials is becoming increasingly important. The conventional production process of fibreboards is characterized by high-energy consumption and use of ecologically insecure synthetic resins. Approximately 40 to 45% of the total energy expenditure are used for the thermo-mechanical pulping. Because of high plastication temperatures, an inactive lignin crust on the fibre surface is formed. For that reason, for glueing of the fibres, urea formaldehyde and melamin resins are usually used. The costs for the resin amount to approximately 50% of the entire material costs. In addition, environmental problems are caused. The aim of our investigation is the reduction of energy and resin consumption by enzymatic modification of wood chips and the enzymatic activation of the inherent bonding strength of the material. The first industrial use of fungi for the modification of wood was in the production of "Myco wood". PIeurothus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor were applied for nonsterile delignification of beech wood. The present investigation of the authors deals with the mycological pre-treatment of wood chips in order to reduce the energy consumption during wood pulping. The screening results favour the brown rotter Gloeophyllum trabeum for pinewood (Pinus silvestris) and the white rotter Trametes hirsura for beech (Fagits silvatica). Both species show resistance against mould fungi. The use of submerged inoculum of these fungi has the advantage over wheat inoculum that the lag phase is less than 12 hours and that the addition of nutrients or fungicides is not necessary. Short-time wood chip incubation results in a 40% decrease of energy consumption during thermo-mechanical pulping and in improved fibreboard properties. Lignin reduction could not be determined by gravimetrical and x-ray microanalysis. Comparative investigations of fibre incubation using laccase, a submerged culture of Trumeres versicolor and rape straw fibres show a high increase in bending and tensile strength and an improvement in the hygroscopic properties of glue-free fibre boards for the last two incubation kinds. Similar effects have been obtained incubating pine wood fibres for the production of fibre sheets with enzyme medium of Trichodetma reseei.
Subject Mechanisms of mycological transformation of wood were investigated by chemical and enzymatic methods in combination with mechanical tests of the incubated wood. Results show a decrease of wood strength without degradation of HG-labeled lignin but variation of ion distribution within short time incubation. No correlation between heat-, CO 2 -production and enzym activity was detected.Zielsetzung Im Rahmen der Arbeiten sollten durch die Kombination von chemischen, enzymologischen und verfahrenstechnischen Untersuchungen Erkenntnisse u Èber die ersten Schritte gewonnen werden, die beim Holzabbau durch Pilze ablaufen und welche Auswirkungen diese auf die Verarbeitung des Holzes ausu Èben. Dabei wurde von der These ausgegangen, daû eine Verringerung der Holzfestigkeit hervorgerufen durch Pilze ihre Hauptursache im Abbau des Lignins in Mittellamelle und Sekunda Èrwand besitzt. In einem gemeinsamen Versuch der drei o.g. kooperierenden Arbeitsgruppen wurde der zeitliche Verlauf der Infektion von Holz durch Fa Èulepilze in bisher einmaliger Komplexita Èt untersucht. Material und MethodenModellhackschnitzeln aus Rotbuche (Fagus sylvatica) und Waldkiefer (Pinus sylvestris) wurden drei Wochen unter physiologisch optimalen Bedingungen inkubiert. Dazu wurden drei Pilzsta Èmme verschiedener Abbaustrategien (Braunfa Èule, simultane und selektive Weiûfa Èule) pro Holzart eingesetzt, die sich in einem Screening als geeignet erwiesen. Die Ernte der Holzproben erfolgte nach 5, 9, 13, 17 und 21 Tagen Inkubation. Es wurden stof¯iche Parameter, wie Scherfestigkeit, Ligningehalt (Klasonlignin) und -verteilung sowie physiologische Parameter, wie CO 2 -und Wa Èrmeproduktion und Enzymaktivita Èten lignolytischer Enzyme bestimmt. Fu Èr die Ligninverteilung in verschiedenen Bereichen der Zellwand wurde erstmals die Ro Èntgenmikroanalyse eingesetzt. Mit dieser Methode wurde in Kiefernholzproben auûerdem die Ionenverteilung in der Zellwand bestimmt.Zur quantitativen Bestimmung der Enzymaktivita Èten von Laccase, Manganperoxidase und Ligninperoxidase wurden die Enzyme aus dem gemahlenen Holz mit Azetatpuffer extrahiert und in mehreren Schritten gereinigt und aufkonzentriert.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.