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A huge amount of organic waste is generated annually around the globe. The main sources of solid and liquid organic waste are municipalities and canning and food industries. Most of it is disposed of in an environmentally unfriendly way since none of the modern recycling technologies can cope with such immense volumes of waste. Microbiological and biotechnological approaches are extremely promising for solving this environmental problem. Moreover, organic waste can serve as the substrate to obtain alternative energy, such as biohydrogen (H2) and biomethane (CH4). This work aimed to design and test new technology for the degradation of food waste, coupled with biohydrogen and biomethane production, as well as liquid organic leachate purification. The effective treatment of waste was achieved due to the application of the specific granular microbial preparation. Microbiological and physicochemical methods were used to measure the fermentation parameters. As a result, a four-module direct flow installation efficiently couples spatial succession of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria with other micro- and macroorganisms to simultaneously recycle organic waste, remediate the resulting leachate, and generate biogas.

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The production of biomethane from biogas energy costsfor the most widely used amine and water processes for extracting carbon dioxide from biogas were analyzed using computer simulation. Combined water-amine absorption method of biogas purification from CO2 wasincluded in the comparative analysis. For the CO2 content of the biogas from 32 to 42 %, the specific energy costs when using water absorption to extract carbon dioxide from biogas are, on average, in ~ 2.5 times lower than amine absorption, but the loss of CH4 by water absorption was 7.1–7.6 % due to its watersolubility with practically zero CH4 loss when using amine absorption and insignificant loss (0.17–2.8 %) using water-amine technology. Using preliminary water absorption of CO2 saved CH4 can compensate the power consumption of the biogas compressor or the heatcosts of saturated amine absorbent regenerating. This will allowto reduce energy consumption to almost equal to water absorptionone. The results of simulation of carbon dioxide extraction from biogas can be used to optimize technological absorption schemes for the production of biomethane — an analogueof natural gas. Bibl. 13, Fig. 5, Tab. 6.

A scheme of solid domestic wastes management is proposed. The scheme includes a separate two-stream collection of municipal waste, sorting, collecting of secondary raw materials, producing of RDF-fuel and storing a small part at a landfill equipped with a landfill gas collection system. With the help of objective data, expert assessments and calculations, the basic material and financial parameters of the main flows of the scheme are defined. The model of material, energy and financial flows is proposed, which allows evaluating the technical and economic efficiency of the MSW complex management. By example of Ivano-Frankivsk city it is shown that even at existing low tariffs for transporting this waste disposal, complex using of «cost» and «profitable» elements allows you to create a self-proclaimed MSW management system. All the technologies involved in the scheme have been successfully implemented in Ukraine. Bibl. 24, Fig. 7, Tab. 9.