The effect of melatonin implants on semen quality in fresh and frozen/thawed semen, Scrotal circumference and plasma testosterone levels has been studied During two consecutive years in the Patagonia region of Argentina (43ºS). Sixteen Dohne Merino rams (experiment 1) and 12 Dohne Merino and Merino rams (experiment 2) were used from September to December 2011 and 2012, respectively. Half of the rams were treated with melatonin implants (M groups), the remaining rams being the non-treated, control group (C groups). Differences between groups (P<0.01) for scrotal circumference were observed from 30 days after melatonin implantations up to the end of experiment 1, M rams presenting a higher scrotal circumference than animals in the C group. In the second experiment, similar differences between groups (P<0.01) were observed from day 45 to day 75. No differences between groups were detected for any of seminal parameters under study (volume, sperm concentration, mass motility and percentage of live sperm) and plasma testosterone levels. Semen quality of frozen/thawed semen was similar between treated and non-treated rams (rectilinear progressive individual motility, percentage of live spermatozoa, and membrane permeability test). No significant differences for the parameter derived (mitochondrial functionality) and the chlortetracycline (acrosomal state) tests were observed. In conclusion, the use of melatonin implants during the seasonal anoestrous at 43ºS provokes a significant increment of the scrotal circumference of rams without changing seminal quality parameters of fresh and frozen/ thawed semen.

On the basis of these results it may be concluded that eversion orchidopexy can be considered to be a safe and effective method for the prophylaxis of recurrent testicular torsion in comparison to alternative methods.

In recent years new data on the pathophysiology of cardiorenal syndromes (CRS) has been collected but the impact in acute management is still to be established. Hypothesis: We tried to find different patterns using simple clinical and analytical data that could point to the main decompensated mechanism by accessing the impact of Non-invasive ventilation (NIV), the previous renin angiotensin inhibition and the diuretic strategy, bolus vs perfusion, on these different patterns. Methods: We selected 110 patients with decompensation of heart or renal function but excluded 52 for not having CRS or for presenting acute type 5 (sepsis). Results: Mean age was 76,2 yo. 55,2% males. Mortality was 20,7%. 72,41% had preserved left the ventricular function. There were 2 peaks of time/worst renal function, at first 24hrs and between day 3 and 4. Patients with isolated pulmonary congestion were worst at 2,1 days and peripheral only at 4,3 days p=0,0862. Those with peripheral congestion had the same worsening of renal function with furosemide in bolus versus perfusion despite higher doses. Isolated pulmonary congestion combined with a higher dose of furosemide administered by perfusion had a more severe AKI. Patients doing Non Invasive Ventilation with Jugular Venous Distention or Congestive Liver (N=4 of 37) had worst AKI than those without (p<0,05). Previous RAS-inhibitors at maximum dose were protective vs no RAS-inhibition (p=0,03). Conclusion: In conclusion, there are more subtypes than the traditional classification of the cardiorenal lesion in 5 syndromes and the 3 types of heart failure at least based on the location of congestion.