Recent studies in volunteers have demonstrated that the presence of local secretory IgA antibody against parainfluenza type 1 virus is more important than serum antibody in protection against subsequent homotypic virus infections ( 1, 2 ) . I t seems reasonable that this would be the case with other paramyxoviruses whose site of entry, replication and pathologic expression is limited similarly to the respiratory tract. Because of the importance of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection in infants and children, the nasal secretory antibody response was studied in 17 infants and children whose illness was due to naturally occurring RS virus infection. The findings, presented here, have implications for immune prophylaxis and for understanding the pathogenesis of RS virus illness in infants and children.Materials and Methods: Serum and nasal secretions were obtained from infants and children in whom there was reasonable clinical suspicion that their illness might have been due to RS virus infection. Specimens were obtained at the time of admission to the hospital and approximately 3 weeks thereafter. Findings are reported only for those in whom RS virus infection was proven by virus recovery and/or a fourfold or greater rise in serum complement fixing (CF) antibody following illness. The nasal secretions were collected by gentle suction from the nostril following the periodic instillation of small amounts of 0.15 M saline solution. None of the secretions tested was grossly contaminated with blood. Secretions were stored a t *

Background Periodontitis (PD) has been suggested to be one of risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. ginvivalis, Pg) is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that is recognized as a major pathogenic organism in periodontitis (PD). Anti-enolase 1 (ENO1) antibody is one of the autoantibodies in RA. Objectives This study examined the relationship between serum levels of anti-Pg and anti-ENO1 antibodies and PD severity and RA disease activity in patients with RA. Methods 246 Patients with RA and 85 age-, sex- matched non-RA controls were enrolled in this study. After rheumatologic and periodontal examination, serum levels of anti-Pg antibodies and anti-ENO1 antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Patients with RA showed significantly higher levels of anti-Pg antibodies and, anti-ENO1 antibodies than controls (P= 0.002, P= 0.02). Anti-Pg antibodies were strongly correlated with anti-ENO1 antibodies in RA patients (p<0.0001). In active RA, there were significant correlations between anti-Pg antibodies with probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) (P= 0.0014, P=0.0059). However, there were no correlations of anti-Pg antibodies and periodontal parameters in controls and inactive RA. Anti-ENO1 titer did not correlate with periodontal parameters except bleeding on probing (BOP) in RA. Anti-Pg antibodies were not correlated with RA disease activity except ESR (p= 0.0357). However anti-ENO1 antibodies were significantly correlated with ESR, DAS28-ESR, anti-CCP titer (P= 0.0008, P= 0.0092, P= 0.0129). Conclusions Anti-Pg antibodies and anti-ENO1 antibodies were elevated in RA patients than controls. Anti- Pg antibodies were correlated with severity of PD and anti-ENO1 antibodies were correlated with RA disease activity in RA patients. Disclosure of Interest None Declared