No abstract

We have devised a new method of monitoring using a rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) with dissolving disk copper during copper electrodeposition process. The ring current shows linear relationship with SPS concentration from 0 to 3.5 ppm. To minimize the effects of other additives on ring current monitoring, we have conducted cyclic voltammetry stripping (CVS) to estimate the amount of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sulfonated diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride copolymer (SDDACC), the leveler. Through silicon via (TSV) fillings have been carried out to check the void free filling of solutions. The electrolyzed solution has been prepared, after 96 hours of electrolysis, voids are formed in electrodeposition of TSV with current density 3 mA/cm 2 . After monitoring and adding SPS, PEG and SDDACC, we have achieved a void free filling. Therefore, electrodeposition solution is refreshed even with three organic additives.

No abstract

The γ → α diffusive phase transformations of steels can lead to transformation plasticity (TRIP) if accompanied of an external loading stress or a pre-hardening of the parent phase. The most current approaches of its modelling are based on the Greenwood-Johnson mechanism; they call upon hypotheses (about microstructure morphology, constitutive laws...) which are at the origin of discrepancies between predictions and experimental observations in particular loading cases. Some of these restricting hypotheses can be eliminated with a micromechanical finite elements approach, where the elastoplastic interactions between phases are determined at the micro-scale of a volume element containing hundreds of growing particles (Barbe et al., 2005(Barbe et al., , 2008. This paper deals with the effect of the spatial distribution of product phase nuclei on the global kinetics and transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) in the volume element. Two distributions are considered: uniform random and at preferential nucleation sites of a Voronoi tesselation mimicking austenite microstructure.