This article proposes an effective evolutionary hybrid optimization method for identifying unknown parameters in photovoltaic (PV) models based on the northern goshawk optimization algorithm (NGO) and pattern search (PS). The chaotic sequence is used to improve the exploration capability of the NGO algorithm technique while evading premature convergence. The suggested hybrid algorithm, chaotic northern goshawk, and pattern search (CNGPS), takes advantage of the chaotic NGO algorithm’s effective global search capability as well as the pattern search method’s powerful local search capability. The effectiveness of the recommended CNGPS algorithm is verified through the use of mathematical test functions, and its results are contrasted with those of a conventional NGO and other effective optimization methods. The CNGPS is then used to extract the PV parameters, and the parameter identification is defined as an objective function to be minimized based on the difference between the estimated and experimental data. The usefulness of the CNGPS for extraction parameters is evaluated using three distinct PV models: SDM, DDM, and TDM. The numerical investigates illustrate that the new algorithm may produce better optimum solutions and outperform previous approaches in the literature. The simulation results display that the novel optimization method achieves the lowest root mean square error and obtains better optima than existing methods in various solar cells.

<span lang="EN-US">The high sunlight intensity in tropical and equatorial regions makes the potential for installing photovoltaic (PV) panels. However, the initial design of PV installations must be analyzed. Their implementation is carried out in buildings with load power for household electricity scale. For this reason, the panel reliability system could be efficient by designing the initial PV requirements using systematic measurements. Collecting data on fluctuating sunlight intensity (unpredictable weather) conditions needs the use of manual measuring tools, namely digital light meters and PV data with sensor integration. The research sample consists of three fluctuating hot weather conditions, namely hot-sunny, hot-cloudy and hot-rainy conditions. These weather conditions were taken because the climate of West Sumatra tends to shift clouds which sometimes cover the sun's rays. The peak PV output for direct current (DC) power generated during hot- sunny conditions reaches 1827.17 W, in sunny-cloudy weather it reaches around 1626.85 W and during sunny-rainy weather conditions the resulting output is 1161.81 W. From daily measurements, the results show that the efficiency of the PV system is strongly influenced by the prevailing weather climate.</span>

This article describes the design of a data system to integrate energy conversion from photovoltaic measurements connected to the power grid. The software used is visual studio, while the hardware uses polycrystalline photovoltaic (PV) with a capacity of 2.08 kW and several sensors that have been integrated into Arduino. Parameter data in measuring the performance of this PV system consists of temperature and humidity sensors to measure the panel surface, direct current (DC) current sensor, DC voltage sensor. To measure the current and voltage sourced from the electricity network, the module (PZEM-004T) is used. Measurements are designed using a graphical user interface (GUI) on a Visual Studio application that has been interfaced through Arduino programming. The data output on the sensor measurement will simultaneously record the circuit that has been connected to the solar panel and then display it visually in the form of tables and graphs in real time with a delay of 1 minute. The results of PV on grid measurements in sunny weather conditions obtained the maximum value of all measurements with a DC voltage of 221 V, while for an alternating current (AC) voltage of 231.60 V, the DC value reached 1827.17 W while the AC power was 1681 W.

The power generation system with hybrid system grid connected (HSGC) technology is an energy-saving technology that is able to compensate for electricity loads in an energy-efficient manner in today's technological advances. Electrical transient analyzer power (ETAP) simulation software is implemented so that the modeling will have an impact on the development of hybrid systems. Testing the reliability of the system is simulated at the load of school buildings, laboratories, mosques, and kindergarten schools. parameters obtained by evaluating the ratio of the voltage drop before and after the addition of photovoltaic. The value of the voltage drops decreases with the integration of hybrid photovoltaic. The school building panels experienced a voltage drop of 0.15%, reduced after the addition of photovoltaics and wind turbines. Then on the Laboratory panel, a voltage drops of 0.05% was obtained, on the mosque panel the voltage drop reached 0.11%, and on the kindergarten building panel the voltage drop reached 0.09% after the addition of photovoltaic hybrid. From this comparison it can be said that PV and wind turbines can affect the voltage drop and reduce the consumption of electricity loads from the grid caused by adding power from the hybrid photovoltaic hybrid to each load.

The accelerated development of the technological world cannot be separated from the materials of electronic components. Vocational schools are the most dominant schools in discussing electronics, but there are still many students who have abilities below the graduation standards that have been set in the subject of electronics basics. One of the causes of low learning outcomes is due to the lack of involvement of students in the learning process. Therefore it is necessary to think pair share method to spur student activeness and creativity during learning. The technique in doing this method is by students thinking, discussing and sharing material concepts directly with their classmates controlled by the teacher in material supervision. In addition, by using this method students are able to solve problems during the learning process well. This type of research is a Quasi Experiment with Posttest Only Control Design. The subjects of this study were students of class X SMK Negeri 1 Pariaman which consisted of two classes, namely X TITL-1 and X TITL-2. From these two classes were selected randomly where class X TITIL-1 was the experimental class and class X TITL-2 was the control class. To see students' initial abilities, an analysis of the posttest was carried out in the subject of Understanding the Basics of Electronics. Collecting data in this study using a learning outcome test (posttest) in the form of objective questions of 25 items. The data were analyzed using the two-mean difference test (t-test). Based on the results of the study, the posttest mean percentage of the experimental class was 77.14% and the control class was 55.14%. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant increase in student learning outcomes with a comparison of the think pair share method which is better than the conventional method.