Aim: To evaluate the pharmacological effects of pumpkin seeds in correlation to weight gain in rabbits. Methodology: After observing as standard inclusion and exclusion criteria, thirty healthy adult rabbits recommended in study. Calculated amount 250 mg and 500 mg of powder of pumpkin seeds given. 1stanalysis denoted as day zero. Afterward more analysis were taken twice monthly for sixty days. The blood specimens passed immediately to the DR Lab by the side at the PUMHS Nawabshah. CBC analyzed using an automatic hemoglobin analyzer. Data were statistically evaluated in groups as mean by t-test and by SPSS version 21.0. A P value of 0.05 for all comparisons counted significant. Results: While comparing study groups with control, the mean Haemoglobin, RBCs and Platelets value at day zero were established as non-significant statistically. TLC and Weight means were significant statistically. A rising boost observed on further readings taken in all Hematological parameters. When compared with control, all the interpretation was highly significance statistically except weight which remains non-significant statistically. Conclusion: Pumpkin seeds can be replaced by ordinary method as a best plant food supply for improving hematological markers. It bears no any side effect of weight gain or patients non- cooperation like with medical therapy because of its high cost or side effects.

ABSTRACT… Objectives:The plan of this current research was in the direction for towards the assessment of the existing ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay) method through antibodies testing for identification of hepatitis C virus disease by comparing their outcome with the Real Time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Setting: Peoples Medical College Hospital Nawabshah. Period: December 2015 to December 2016. Methods: In this current research 100 blood samples were analyzed due to the presence of anti-HCV antibodies by 3rd-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing. All the specimens were 100% positive. Polymerase chain reaction test was performed according to the laboratory directions in anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies positive patients to validate the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infectivity. Results: This research shows that, the entire results were positive by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay testing. As compared with polymerase chain reaction the of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay in this research the screening test for anti hepatitis C virus -antibodies is about 2% false positive. Out of the 100 samples 98 cases are positive by Real Time polymerase chain reaction analysis while only 02 cases report are negative (2%). Conclusion: The proportion of hepatitis C virus infectivity was 100% by 3rd-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing, 98% by Real Time polymerase chain reaction analysis. As in our research the hepatitis C virus -Ribonucleic acid is present in 98% cases who are the Anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies positive patients, it can be suggested that Anti-HCV antibodies detection by third generation ELISA technique in routine procedure is sufficient to determine HCV infection. Key words:Anti-hepatitis C virus Antibodies, Hepatitis C Virus -Polymerase Chain Reaction, ELISA, HCV. Article Citation: Jamali GM, Jamali AA, Shaikh H. Hepatitis C Virus; Sensitivity of anti hepatitis c virus antibodies thru elisa method in comparison to hepatitis c virus ribonucleic acid by pcr method.

To examine the serum insulin level in viral hepatitis B and C patients at different stages of disease. Study Design: Observational study. Period: Twelve months. Setting: Biochemistry Department BMSI, JPMC Karachi. Methods: The diagnosed patients for hepatitis B and C virus infection with and without cirrhosis were included. Patients were selected after diagnosis of the disease by ELISA method. Subjects diagnosed as negative were enrolled as controls in the study. Serum insulin estimation was done by ELISA and blood glucose by Hexokinase method, prothrombin time by one stage (coagulation) method and liver enzymes were assayed was by enzymatic (Kinetic) method. For paired and correlation data analysis, SPSS 10.0 version for windows was used. For all comparisons, upto 0.05 P value was considered significant. Results: The insulin, fasting blood glucose and albumin mean values as compared to control were found significant statistically (P<0.05). However in all groups AST and ALT mean values found statistically highly significant (P<0.01), which indicates liver damage progression with consequent increase in serum insulin levels in these patients. Conclusion: Tests for early analysis of serum insulin levels should be performed in those cases that are diagnosed as hepatitis B or C positive, along with liver function tests, to reduce the increased rate of morbidity and mortality in co-morbid condition.

Objectives: The plan of this current research was in the direction for towards theassessment of the existing ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay) method throughantibodies testing for identification of hepatitis C virus disease by comparing their outcome withthe Real Time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Setting: Peoples Medical College HospitalNawabshah. Period: December 2015 to December 2016. Methods: In this current research 100blood samples were analyzed due to the presence of anti-HCV antibodies by 3rd-generationenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing. All the specimens were 100% positive. Polymerasechain reaction test was performed according to the laboratory directions in anti- hepatitis C virusantibodies positive patients to validate the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infectivity. Results: Thisresearch shows that, the entire results were positive by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assaytesting. As compared with polymerase chain reaction the of Enzyme Linked ImmunosorbantAssay in this research the screening test for anti hepatitis C virus - antibodies is about 2%false positive. Out of the 100 samples 98 cases are positive by Real Time polymerase chainreaction analysis while only 02 cases report are negative (2%). Conclusion: The proportion ofhepatitis C virus infectivity was 100% by 3rd-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assaytesting, 98% by Real Time polymerase chain reaction analysis. As in our research the hepatitisC virus –Ribonucleic acid is present in 98% cases who are the Anti- hepatitis C virus antibodiespositive patients, it can be suggested that Anti-HCV antibodies detection by third generationELISA technique in routine procedure is sufficient to determine HCV infection.

Objectives: To examine the serum insulin level in viral hepatitis B and C patientsat different stages of disease. Study Design: Observational study. Period: Twelve months.Setting: Biochemistry Department BMSI, JPMC Karachi. Methods: The diagnosed patientsfor hepatitis B and C virus infection with and without cirrhosis were included. Patients wereselected after diagnosis of the disease by ELISA method. Subjects diagnosed as negativewere enrolled as controls in the study. Serum insulin estimation was done by ELISA and bloodglucose by Hexokinase method, prothrombin time by one stage (coagulation) method and liverenzymes were assayed was by enzymatic (Kinetic) method. For paired and correlation dataanalysis, SPSS 10.0 version for windows was used. For all comparisons, upto 0.05 P value wasconsidered significant. Results: The insulin, fasting blood glucose and albumin mean values ascompared to control were found significant statistically (P<0.05). However in all groups AST andALT mean values found statistically highly significant (P<0.01), which indicates liver damageprogression with consequent increase in serum insulin levels in these patients. Conclusion:Tests for early analysis of serum insulin levels should be performed in those cases that arediagnosed as hepatitis B or C positive, along with liver function tests, to reduce the increasedrate of morbidity and mortality in co-morbid condition.