Background: Since 25 August, 2017 over 693,000 Rohingya have been forced from Myanmar due to mass violence, seeking refuge in neighboring Bangladesh. Nutritional surveys during 2017 revealed worrying levels of malnutrition and poor infant feeding practices, including high numbers of infants not exclusively breastfeeding. Infants under 6 months who are not exclusively breastfed are particularly vulnerable to morbidity and mortality and require specialized feeding support, especially in emergency contexts. Research Aim: To describe Save the Children International’s experiences supporting wet nursing, relactation, and artificial feeding for non-breastfed infants under 6 months in the Rohingya Response, Bangladesh. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of routine program data and documentation from Save the Children International’s infant and young child feeding in emergencies interventions for the Rohingya Response, Bangladesh, from November 2017 to April 2018. The study population were infants under 6 months identified as not breastfed during the initial assessment ( N = 15). Results: Although wet nursing was attempted with all infants, it was successful with 6 (40%) of the infants. Additionally, 1 (6.7%) infant’s mother was able to successfully relactate. The remaining infants ended up requiring feeding with human milk substitutes. Conclusion: Gaps exist in operational guidance to support non-breastfed infants with wet nursing and relactation in emergency settings, as well as on how to operationalize safe human milk substitute programming in line with national policies and regulations. There is an urgent need to address this gap to protect the lives of non-breastfed infants in emergencies worldwide.

According to the World Health Organization, more than 2 billion people are estimated to be infected with tuberculosis (TB) and approximately 95% of tuberculosis cases occur in developing countries. Extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis constitute approximately one-sixth of all cases and the prevalence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) seems to be rising, particularly due to increasing prevalence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In patients with extrapulmonary TB, abdomen is involved in 12% of patients. Gastrointestinal involvement is found in 66 to 75% of abdominal cases, with the terminal ileum and the ileocecal region being the most common sites of involvement. Here, we report a case of abdominal TB.How to cite this articleTarafder AJ, Al-Mahtab M, Das SR, Karim R, Rahaman H, Rahman S. Abdominal Tuberculosis: A Diagnostic Dilemma. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2015;5(1):57-59.

Background: Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder worldwide. Carbamazepine is one of the most commonly used antiepileptic drugs. It is a hepatic cytochrome P 450 enzyme inducer which is thought to cause alteration of serum lipids. Objective: To evaluate the effect of carbamazepine on serum cholesterol and atherogenic ratios in young adult epileptic patients. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted in the epilepsy clinic and Neurology OPD of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from December, 2017 to March, 2019. A total fifty seven newly diagnosed epileptic patients fulfilling the study criteria were studied. Serum TC, HDL-C, TG was measured by using Beckman Coulter- AU680 analyzer machine and LDL-C was calculated according to the Friedewald formula in the laboratory of Department of Biochemistry, BSMMU. Results: The mean (±SD) serum TC, LDL, TG, TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C were significantly increased (p-value < 0.001) at 3 months of carbamazepine therapy in comparison to the baseline levels. The mean (±SD) serum HDL was decreased at 3 months of therapy which was not statistically significant (p-value: 0.135). Conclusion: Carbamazepine caused significant rise in serum TC, LDL-C, TG and atherogenic ratios (TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C), and insignificant reduction in the serum HDL-C level after three months of therapy. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2018; Vol. 34 (1): 32-38

Background: Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) is considered as an immune mediated inflammatory disease of peripheral nerves and nerve roots. Herpes viruses like CMV, EBV, HSV and VZV infections are associated with GBS. The aim of the study was to identify the presence and frequency of different Herpes virus genome by PCR assay in CSF of GBS patients Methods: An observational, cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Neurology, BSMMU, and Dhaka. A total 50 (fifty) admitted GBS patients were included after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. About 2 ml of CSF was taken for detection of viral nucleic of CMV, EBV, HSV1, HSV2, VZV and HHV6 by Multiplex PCR method. Results: Herpesviridae genome in CSF of study population was present in 9 (18%) patients. Maximum 3 (33.3%) cases were HSV1, EBV and HSV2 found in 2 (22.2%) patients, CMV and VZV in 1 (11.1%) patient respectively. AMAN (66.6%) was the most frequent electrophysiological pattern; followed by AIDP (33.3%), mean CSF protein was (159±81) mg/dl and mean cell count was (2±3)/cmm in these patients. Herpes virus genome positive group patients were more disabled and received definitive treatment more than the others. Conclusion: Herpesviridae genome was present in CSF of GBS especially in early collected CSF sample. Antiviral drugs might have a role in treating GBS patients having Herpes virus genome in CSF. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2018; Vol. 34 (1): 39-44

Background: We report a rare case of movement disorder Paroxysmal kinesigenic dystonia who was misdiagnosed as Epilepsy and Conversion disorder. Case report: A 35 -year female presented with episodic painful twisting of her Right hand and arm only when she is awake. These events were triggered by sudden movements and would last several seconds to minutes. Her symptoms were unilateral and her physical and neurological examinations were normal. Treatment with anticonvulsants Oxcarbazepine improved her symptoms. Conclusion: Although an uncommon movement disorder, it is important to recognize the clinical presentation of Paroxysmal kinesigenic dystonia as most patients respond very well to medical treatment. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2017; Vol.  33 (1): 44-46