Low-adhesive surfaces have been highlighted due to the potentials to mitigate fouling issues by preventing unwanted substances from adhering. Realizing superhydrophobicity with 3D surface structures/chemical modifiers or fabricating lubricantassisted slippery surfaces has been demonstrated to realize lowadhesive surfaces. However, they still need to overcome the transition to Wenzel from Cassie states of droplets on 3D surface structures or the lubricant depletion issues of slippery surfaces for sustainable operations. Herein, we report the fabrication of lowadhesive polymeric surfaces, neither assisted by 3D surface structures/chemical modifiers nor lubricants, which is realized by embedding the interconnected pore networks underneath the top smooth surface using a water steaming method. The fabricated silicone surfaces exhibit low-adhesive properties due to the stress concentration effects generated by the subsurface-structured pores, favorable for easy detachment of the adherent from the surface. Our platform can be exploited to lower adhesion of superhydrophilic surfaces or to achieve ultralow-adhesive properties upon combination with superhydrophobicity. Finally, scale precipitation tests reveal 4.2 times lower scale accumulation of our lowadhesive polymeric surfaces than that in control samples.

The revised IASD.D.2 has good content and criterion validity and interrater reliability. The instrument has potential to standardize reporting of IAD severity in research and clinical practice and assist communication about IAD among nursing staff.

Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) p-type thin-film transistors (TFTs) can be practically applied for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic circuits, but the electrical performances are still insufficient due to high off-current and low field-effect mobility. Here, we have demonstrated Cu2O TFTs with improved field-effect mobility and low off-current through reduction of cupric oxide (CuO) impurities and dissociative Cu defects with the combination of deposition and annealing conditions. Copper oxide was deposited by radio frequency sputtering in mixed gases of argon and oxygen. After that, the deposited copper oxide was annealed at 800 °C in the tube furnace under a N2 atmosphere instead of a high vacuum condition. The fabricated Cu2O thin film had a high crystalline quality, the ratio of dissociative Cu defects decreased from 11.3 to 3.1%, and the electrical performances of the TFT including the fabricated Cu2O thin film exhibited the field-effect mobility of 1.11 ± 0.05 cm2/V·s, the on/off current ratio of 4.68 ± 0.8 × 104, and the subthreshold swing value of 3.91 ± 0.21 V dec–1. The fabricated Cu2O TFT showed a Vth shift of 3.31 V in the transfer curve under negative bias stress. Nitrogen plays a role in promoting Cu2O phase formation while it prevents CuO phase formation during the annealing process. In addition, oxygen added during sputtering increases the ratio of CuO in the copper oxide thin film and works effectively to reduce dissociative Cu defects in the annealing process. To determine the feasibility of the CMOS logic circuit, we also demonstrated the inverter with n-type indium–gallium–zinc oxide (IGZO) TFT and p-type Cu2O TFT, which showed a voltage gain of 14 at V DD = 20 V.

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This article describes a novel approach to classification of whole-body motions from estimated human postures in 2D camera images and subsequent generation of their relevant descriptions. The motions are encoded into stochastic motion models referred to as motion primitives. Words are connected to the motion primitives, and word n-grams are represented stochastically. More specifically, the motion observation is classified into the motion primitive, from which its relevant words are generated. These words are arranged in a grammatically correct order to make the descriptions for the observation. This approach was tested on actions performed by older adults in the care facility and its validity was demonstrated. Index Terms-Gesture, posture and facial expressions, probability and statistical methods, recognition. I. INTRODUCTION T HERE are high expectations for a human-centered society in which social problems will be solved through new social systems that connect real and virtual worlds. The virtual world of the Internet has formed a useful collective intelligence by organically linking contents via language. Human intelligence in the real world has a history of constantly developing knowledge systems by describing, recording, communicating, and passing on information about the world via language. In other words, language is the tool by which we fuse the virtual and real worlds. Cameras have become pervasive in daily life as a form of social infrastructure, and observations of human behavior are increasing in society. An enormous amount of data related to human behavior is recorded at various times and places. Expansion of the data utilization and support fields will rely on how behavioral data is constructed and managed in a way that is easy to reuse. In a rapidly aging society, there are limits on the extent to which the young can accompany and care for the elderly. Against this backdrop, how can the accumulation of behavioral data and cutting-edge technologies contribute to tackling this pressing social issues?