Pesticides have a negative impact not only on the environment but also on human health. Therefore, alternative method of integrated pest management (IPM) is a suitable technique used to control insect pest and to protect the environment for the betterment of human health. It is a combination of biological, chemical, cultural and mechanical methods. All these methods are essentially integrated with each other. The purpose of the study was to identify the residual impact of pesticides on environment and health of sugarcane farmers; with special reference to integrated pest management. The study was conducted in District Rahim Yar Khan was taken randomly as a universe of the study from the province of Punjab. Tehsil Sadiqabd was selected randomly from District Rahim Yar Khan. Out of twenty-nine rural Union Councils (RUCs) of Tehsil Sadiqabad, two RUCs were selected purposively due to high production of sugarcane. From each selected Union Council, two villages were selected into account to investigate the health-related issues of sugarcane growers and its holistic effects on environment. A pre-tested and well-structured interview schedule was developed for the collection of information from sugarcane farmers. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The results indicated that various diseases were present among sugarcane workers due to residual impact of pesticides. The diseases were skin burning, skin infection, nausea, chest pain, diarrhea, respiratory problems, hypertension, convulsion, bleeding, cramping, nausea, asthma, fever, dizziness and vomiting. It also indicated that pesticides affects the natural enemies of sugarcane, physical structure of soil, climatic condition, increase resistant in sugarcane pests and cause environmental pollution. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents were unable to practice IPM due to lack of technical knowledge, practical skills and awareness related to the identification of sugarcane pest and their management. Results indicated that IPM technology is a source of reduction of pesticides, protect environment and human health. The study recommended that awareness regarding integrated pest management should be promoted through proper campaigns to overcome the blind use of pesticides for mitigation insect pest of sugarcane.

Integrated pest management (IPM) is a suitable technique used to control insect pest and to protect the environment for the betterment of human health. It is a combination of biological, chemical, cultural and mechanical methods. All these methods are essentially integrated with each other. The purpose of the study was to identify coping strategies against sugarcane insect pest with special reference to integrated pest management that imparts proper awareness training programs for sugarcane growers. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the two groups, adopters and non-adopters, regarding cultural, mechanical and biological control. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents were unable to practice IPM due to lack of technical knowledge, practical skills and awareness related to the identification of sugarcane pest and their management. The study recommended that awareness regarding integrated pest management should be promoted through proper campaigns to mitigate insect pest of sugarcane, through IPM.

Purpose of study: For the previous couple of years, sugarcane crop production is under crisis for many reasons. This study aimed at exploring those reasons impeding the potential production of sugarcane in the Rahim Yar Khan district of Punjab, Pakistan. Methodology: A total of 343 randomly selected sugarcane growers participated in this study as respondents. Data were collected through face-to-face interview techniques on a structured and validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 22). Results: Quantitative results indicated that the total production of sugarcane during the last two years dropped from 833 to 636 mounds per acre. The chi-square analysis confirmed that production, protection, climatic changes policy and financially associated factors had statistically significant (P<0.05) inverse impacts on sugarcane production. In contrast, the marketing factors were statistically non-significant for the production of sugarcane (P>0.05). The qualitative findings as perceived by key informants confirmed that non-availability of disease-resistant varieties, traditional irrigation mechanism, lack of proper plant protection measures, Integrated Pest Management (IPM), climate change, high cost of production, and sluggish policy had pressurized the sugarcane production. Recommendations: It is suggested that the development of insect pests, diseasesand drought-resistant varieties should be launched. Efficient and alternate row irrigation system, climate change adoption strategies, integrated pest management, mechanized farming of sugarcane should be adopted in order to curtail the production cost and increase the level of production. Novelty: Studies have been conducted to investigate the influencing factors on the yield of sugarcane but this is the first study that indicates the association of those factors that are hampering on-farm production of sugarcane crop in district Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.

Purpose of the study: The main purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of farm families with a special focus on primary school children in Punjab. Methodology: This study was conducted in tehsil Jaranwala, Faisalabad. Five villages and two primary schools were selected from each village randomly. From these schools, 323 children whose fathers were farmers were selected as samples. A cross-sectional research design was used for the present study. In this context, an interview schedule was prepared and face-to-face interviews were administered to collect the required data. Main Findings: The chi-square analysis confirmed that education, and income of parents associated factors had a statistically significant (P<0.05) and positive correlation with BMI. Descriptive statistics indicated poverty was ranked 1st among reasons for malnutrition followed by inappropriate dietary choices and unavailability of healthy foods with mean values of 4.25 and 4.11, respectively. Whereas, children don't want to come to school due to poor health" was ranked 1st in all effects of poor health with a mean value of 4.50. Applications of the study: This study has highlighted the importance of the nutritional status of primary school-going children and also investigates the different factors that inverse impact on their health. This study will be proved helpful among farm families by creating awareness about the nutrition of children. Based on the findings of this study, the urge to the government to take steps to improve the literacy level and build strategies to improve the awareness level of mothers about the nutrition of children, especially in rural areas.  The novelty of the Study: This is the first study that investigates the assessment of the nutritional status of school-going children of farm families in Punjab, Pakistan especially in tehsil Jaranwala, Faisalabad.

English is taught as a compulsory subject from primary to graduation level in Pakistan. Even then, the failure rate of students in English subject is alarming, and communication skills in English are poor. This study was conducted to analyze the obstacles faced by students in learning English language, and to suggest possible solutions to overcome these obstacles. This study was conducted in girls higher secondary schools of Tehsil Faisalabad City. There were total 36 girls higher secondary schools in District Faisalabad. Nine girls higher secondary schools are in Tehsil Faisalabad City. From these nine schools, three girls' higher secondary schools were selected through simple random sampling. There were 17 English teachers who were teaching in these schools, then all the 17 teachers and 958 students were taken as population. All 17 English Subject teachers were the respondents, whereas the sample size for students was calculated 274 through online software with a confidence level 95% and confidence interval 5%. A proportionate sampling technique was used to select the respondents from students. For collecting data, a well-structured questionnaire was developed. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics i-e percentages, means and standard deviation through computer software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for interpretation and discussion of results. The results revealed that students are facing many problems in learning of English language (EL). It is suggested that the students should be provided EL learning facilities in schools as well as at houses.