Objective: The purpose of this study is to observe the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among undergraduate MBBS students of Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal stratified by their gender, class and residences. Study Design: Cross-sectional Survey. Setting: Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal. Period: 15th March, 2020 to May 15, 2020. Material & Methods: A validated questionnaire was distributed through Whatsapp to different students of all the five MBBS classes. The online survey was done because of countrywide lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic. Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-42) accomplished by 209 students. Results: Depression, anxiety and stress levels of temperate to severe range were found in 48.30, 59.80 and 44.40% of our study group, respectively. Depression was more prevalent in male students (62.50%) while anxiety and stress totals were greater amongst female students (69.40% and 63.60% respectively). First- and final-year students had high prevalence of depression (71.00% and 72.40% respectively) and stress (64.50% and 72.40% respectively) while first year and 2nd year students were more prevalent with anxiety (77.40% and 79.60% respectively) then the others. Hostel residents were found to be high in depression (61.50%) while day scholars were having greater prevalence rates of anxiety and stress (70.40% each). Students who were pleased with their training had lesser depression, anxiety and stress scores than individuals who were not contented. Conclusions: The increased prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress signs amongst college students is disturbing. This displays the necessity for major and ancillary preventive actions, by the improvement of suitable and fitting support facilities for this group.

Objective: The objective of study was to mature Poster competition as collaborative study tool in order to define if the method of study impacts student education by analyzing student depiction in terms of fulfillment. Study Design: Analytical study. Setting: Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal. Study Period: 20th Feb, 2020 to 20th March, 2020. Material & Methods: A poster competition was held among 400 MBBS students of 1st year to 4th year at Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal. Ethical consent was approved by the ethical review committee of Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal. Hand on collective valuation was used to assess students’ performance by using a questionnaire consisting of 12 questions. Different frequencies were then calculated using SPSS-20. Results: According to first part of the questionnaire students’ response was calculated as frequencies and were alienated into three groups of low, medium and high scores. 81.25% of total 400 students understood the topic fully. 69.75% of the students worked in harmony and 55.75% of students preferred group activity over individual assignments. 85.25% enjoyed this learning activity while 75.25% wanted this activity to happen in future too. As far as teacher’s approach was considered more than 70% of the students strongly agreed that the teachers stimulated their interest. Conclusion: The outcomes of the current study propose that concepts distributed in the way of Poster competition may increase student’s aptitude to evoke info, in spite of not meaningfully influencing students’ performance. Nevertheless, more studies with greater student cohorts are necessary.

Background and Objective: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) causes depression due to its painful course in patients. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression and find the association of depression with selected clinical variables in patients with ILD. Methods: This questionnaire based cross-sectional study was done at the department of pulmonology, District head quarter hospital Sahiwal from 1st Oct 2019 to 31st March 2020. The questionnaire was distributed among the diagnosed cases of ILD who presented in outpatient department of DHQ Sahiwal after taking informed consent. The depression scoring was done in them according to Beck depression inventory II. Frequency distribution statistics and inferential statistics were done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. P-value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Depression was graded into four types according to Beck depression inventory II scoring system. Depression levels of minimal, mild, severe and extremely severe were found to have frequencies of 42.90, 14.30, 31.40 and 11.4% respectively. Depression was more prevalent in females (77.14%). Sixty two percent of severely depressed had rural background. Three fourth (75%) of severely depressed patients were from lower class group. Half of the severely depressed patients were suffering from hypertension. One fourth had ischemic heart disease. Illiteracy dominated in severely depressed where 3/4th of the participants had not received any education. Our study found statistically significant result of Beck score with socioeconomic groups (P = 0.037). High statistically significant result was also found when Beck scoring was associated with co-morbidities (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The increased frequency of depression in the patients of ILD was associated with many demographic factors. The development of improved methods for the assessment of ILD and its co-morbidities could have profound effects on the quality of life and expected survival of ILD patients.

Objective: Hyperventilation syndrome is not only an important mimicker of asthma but it also increases perception of symptom severity in otherwise known stable asthmatic cases which may lead to increased use of asthma medication and hospital visits. Hyperventilation syndrome recognition is directly related to improvement of quality of life of an asthmatic patient. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Pulmonology, Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal. Period: 1st Nov 2019 to 1st May 2020.  Material & Methods: In 400 confirmed asthma patients diagnosis of hyperventilation syndrome was made through the use of Nijmegen score. Data was analyzed and Nijmegen scores were checked in terms of age, gender, co-morbid state. Association of Nijmegen score with number of hospital visits and frequency of use of rescue medication was also checked. Results: Younger females having asthma have the highest frequency of hyperventilation syndrome. Asthmatics with obesity and hypertension as co-morbid conditions are more prone to develop hyperventilation syndrome. Increased Nijmegen scores hence increased severity of hyperventilation syndrome is associated with poor control of asthma, increased use of reliever medicine and more frequent emergency department visits. Conclusion: Hyperventilation syndrome is a common cause of deteriorating quality of life of asthmatics however it is ignored most of the time in management of asthma. Every asthmatic with obesity, difficult to control asthma and frequent emergency visits should be looked for underlying hyperventilation syndrome and must be treated accordingly. There should be more research work on causes, diagnosis and management of hyperventilation syndrome.

Objectives: Purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics and burden of pediatric trauma in a hospital with limited resources and to compare the results with published literature and to formulate the effective injury prevention strategies. Study Design: Prospective, Descriptive, Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Surgery, DHQ Teaching Hospital Sahiwal. Period: January 2019 to December 2019. Material & Methods:  A total of 871 patients aged 12 years and below with a history of trauma were included. The patients were categorized into four age groups, 0-2 years, 3-5 years, 6-8 years, and 9-12 years. Data collected included, age, gender, area (rural/urban), type of injury, mechanism of injury, regional pattern of injury, any intervention required and final outcome. The data were compared in different age groups and both sexes. Results: Out of total 2609 admissions, 871(33.38%) patients were of trauma and burn. 699(80.3%) trauma patients and 172(19.7%) burn patients. The males were 595(67.9%) and females comprised 276(32.1%). Age ranged from 05 days to 12 years (mean5.07years). By age groups, distribution of patients was, 0-2years 201(23.1%), 3-5years 340(39.0%), 6-8years 213(24.5%), and 9-12years 117(13.4%). Blunt trauma was most common type of injury 688(95.56%) and penetrating trauma was 31(4.43%). Most common mechanisms of injury were, vehicle related incidents 380(54.4%) and fall 238(34.0%). The majority of injuries 432(61.8%), were seen in head, neck and face region. Scald was most common type of burn and seen in 125(14.4%) patients. Conclusion:  This study clearly shows that pediatric injuries and burn contribute a substantial proportion of all pediatric surgical admissions. Pediatric trauma including burn is a significant burden on health care system. Vehicle related incidents, fall injuries and scald burns are most common type of injuries.