No abstract

The prevalence of some tick-borne zoonotic bacteria (Borrelia sp., Coxiella burnetii, and Rickettsia sp.) in dog blood samples were examined using by PCR. A total of 200 dog blood samples were collected from dogs located in western Türkiye. Three pathogens for dogs, Borrelia burgdorferi, C. burnetii and Rickettsia sp. of were detected in dog blood samples. A single PCR was performed for the C. burnetii and multiplex PCR was applied for the Rickettsiae spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi. At the end of PCR study, Borrelia burgdorferi, C. burnetii and Rickettsiae sp. target pathogens were identified at the rate of 55.0% from all blood samples. The percentage distributions according to identified species were at the rate of C. burnetii 1.5%, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato 2.0% and Rickettsiae spp. 51.5%. In this results show that the dogs may be a risk factor for the distribution of the tick-borne zoonotic bacteria. Tick borne zoonotic bacteria were to create a hazard to the human health.

Öz: Nanoteknoloji, 1-100 nm aralığında küçük bir ölçekte maddenin uygulamalı imalat ve manipülasyon bilimidir. Özellikle aşı biliminde nanoteknolojinin kullanımı son yıllarda hızla ortaya çıkmış ve "nanovasinoloji" nin doğmasına yol açmıştır. Nanoteknoloji, hücresel ve humoral bağışıklık tepkilerini artırma fırsatı sunan nano taşıyıcı tabanlı uygulama sistemleri sayesinde aşı gelişiminde gün geçtikçe daha da önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Nanopartikül (NP) tabanlı aşı uygulamaları, aşıları erken bozulmaya karşı koruyabilmekte, stabiliteyi arttırmakta ve iyi adjuvan özelliklerine sahiptir. Nanopartiküller, çeşitli antijenlerin belirli dokulara ve organlara verilmesi için kullanılabilen, biyolojik olarak parçalanabilen, minimum toksisiteye sahip özellikleri ile geleneksel aşı yöntemlerine karşı etkili ve alternatif platformlar sağlamaktadır. Virüs benzeri partiküller, lipozomlar, ISCOM'lar, polimerik, inorganik nanopartiküller ve emülsiyonlar gibi ölçek dışı boyuttaki materyaller, hem aşı antijenlerini stabilize edebilen hem de adjuvan olarak işlev görebilen potansiyel dağıtım araçları olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Nanopartikül materyalinin bileşimi, nanopartiküllerin taşınması ve farmakokinetik özelliklerinde, salınım hızında ve hücresel alımda, biyolojik olarak parçalanabilirliğinde ve biyouyumluluğunda önemli bir role sahiptir. Nanopartiküler aşıların, COVID-19 gibi hızla ortaya çıkan pandemilerde ve aşılama ile kontrol altına alınamayan kanserler dahil olmak üzere birçok hastalık için gelecekte aşı geliştirmeye rehberlik edebileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu derleme; nanopartiküllerin fiziksel özellikleri ve nanopartiküler aşı çeşitleri ile ilgili bilgiler sunmakta ve nanopartikül tabanlı aşı teknolojileri kullanılarak yapılan çalışmalara genel bir bakış sağlamaktadır.

Background: Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection that usually settles in the genital organs, causing chronic, infectious and necrotic inflammatory disorders characterised by abortion and infertility mastitis in females and orchitis, epididymitis and testicular atrophy in male animals. Brucella canis causes Brucella infections in dogs. Less concern has showed to B. canis in Turkey, although dogs usually live in close contact with their owners and there is an increasing incidence of breeding kennels and stray dogs with poor state of health. The scope of this study is to determine the regional prevalance of canine brucellosis caused by Brucella canis using a 2-mercaptaethanol rapid slide agglutination test and species-specific PCR method in the western part of Turkey. Methods: A total of 200 blood samples (80 from Aydýn Province, 60 from Ýzmir Province and 60 from Muðla Province) were collected between March 2019 and February 2020. Serological analysis was performed via mercaptoethanol microagglutination test. Brucella canis-specific PCR procedures were used to detect brucellosis at the molecular level. Result: Twelve (6%) of the serum samples were positive for 2-ME RSAT. B. canis positivity was detected in 10 (5%) out of 200 samples via PCR test. Twelve positive samples were found via 2-ME RSAT and 10 positive samples were found via molecular testing. B. canis positivity was 7.5% in Aydýn and 6.6% in Muðla, as revealed via molecular tests in pet dogs in contact with stray dogs. The presence of B. canis was not observed in the dogs examined from Ýzmir Province, which were not in contact with strays.

The study aims to identify phylogenetic groups and antibiotic susceptibility of poultry Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates. E. coli was phenotypically and biochemically characterized. Isolates from 8/30 (26.66%) liver, 7/30 (23.33%) heart, and 4/30 (13.33%) spleen of 37-42 days old vaccinated broiler chickens were assessed. Then the E. coli isolates (19/90; 21.11%) were phylogrouped by quadruplex genotyping based on the presence or absence of arpA, chuA, yjaA genes, and TspE4.C2 DNA fragment.The majority of APEC strains belonged to phylogenetic group C, followed by groups A, E, and F. Phylogroup C was observed in the liver, phylogroup A in both liver and heart samples, phylogroup E in the heart and spleen, and phylogroup F in the liver. The highest antibiotic resistance was observed in Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid and Ampicillin (100%) predominantly in groups A and E according to antibacterial susceptibility tests. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MDR) for APEC strains was also found at 68.42% (13/19). Of the 19 isolates tested, only 13 (68%) were susceptible to high levels of gentamicin. APEC strains belonging to phylogroups C, A, and E are of epidemiological importance for broilers. It would be beneficial to investigate new phylogroups by performing more detailed genotypic analyzes in APEC strains.