Objective. To observe the effects of core stabilization training on the Cobb angle, respiratory muscle strength (maximum inspiratory pressure, MIP; maximal expiratory pressure, MEP), and pulmonary function (forced vital capacity, FVC; forced expiratory volume, FEV1.0; FEV1.0/FVC%) in adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and offer practical-based evidence for the rehabilitation treatment for AIS patients. Methods. 36 AIS patients were assigned to the core stability training (CST) group (n = 18) and control group (n = 18); the CST group participated in three sessions of core stabilization exercise per week for 12 weeks and the control group did not perform regular physical training during 12 weeks of study. Then, the Cobb angle, respiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP), and pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1.0, and FEV1.0/FVC%) were measured before and after core stabilization training. Results. After 12 weeks of core stabilization training, compared with the pretest, the Cobb angle showed a significant decrease, FVC, FEV1, MIP, and MEP a significant increase (
P
<
0.01
respectively), and there was no statistical difference in FEV1/FVC in the CST group; there was no significant difference (
P
>
0.05
respectively) before and after an experiment in the control group except MEP decreased significantly (
P
<
0.01
,
P
<
0.05
). After 12 weeks of core stabilization training, compared with the control group, the Cobb angle significantly decreased (
P
<
0.01
), FVC, FEV1, MIP, and MEP significantly increased (
P
<
0.05
respectively) in the CST group, but there was no significant difference (
P
>
0.05
, respectively) in FEV1/FVC between the control group and CST group. Conclusions. Core stabilization exercise can be considered to have a positive effect on the normal physiological curvature of the spine in AIS patients, as it decreases the Cobb angle and strengthens respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function.
