To investigate the role of tracheal wall injury in the development of benign airway stenosis in rabbits. Prospective study. We injured the tracheal walls of 28 New Zealand white rabbits using four different methods. Experimental group: Group A (n = 7, mild injury of tracheal mucosa by ordinary brush under bronchoscopy); Group B (n = 7, severe injury of tracheal mucosa by nylon brush under tracheotomy); Group C (n = 7, tracheal cartilage was injured by vascular clamp after tracheotomy); Group D (n = 7, the tracheal cartilage was injured with vascular forceps and the tracheal mucosa was injured with a nylon brush after tracheotomy). Bronchoscopy was performed on each experimental rabbit at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after operation. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) were performed at 4 weeks, and the rabbits were sacrificed after the examination. Their gross and histological findings were comparatively determined whether the experimental rabbit stenosis was established. No airway stenosis was observed in group A. In group B, 28.57% of experimental rabbits developed tracheal stenosis (granulation tissue proliferation was observed in rabbits No. 2 and No. 6 at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after operation, and the tracheal scar contracture was observed in No.6 rabbit at 4 weeks after operation). Fourteen rabbits in group C and group D had tracheal stenosis caused by granulation tissue proliferation at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after operation. At the fourth week after operation, 71.43% of experimental rabbits had tracheal stenosis due to granulation tissue hyperplasia, 7.14% of experimental rabbits had tracheal stenosis due to scar contracture and granulation hyperplasia, and 21.43% of experimental rabbits had tracheal stenosis due to scar contracture. EB-OCT scan showed that the cartilage layer with low signal reflection band was discontinuous. The injury of cartilage is the key factor of benign airway stenosis. Acute injury of airway mucosa alone is unlikely to cause airway stenosis, but combined with cartilage injury may aggravate airway stenosis. EB-OCT can clearly identify the airway layers of rabbits, which is helpful to evaluate the damage of tracheal cartilage and mucosa. The diagnostic potential of this technique makes EB-OCT a promising approach for the study and monitoring of airway diseases.

Objective. To observe the effects of core stabilization training on the Cobb angle, respiratory muscle strength (maximum inspiratory pressure, MIP; maximal expiratory pressure, MEP), and pulmonary function (forced vital capacity, FVC; forced expiratory volume, FEV1.0; FEV1.0/FVC%) in adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and offer practical-based evidence for the rehabilitation treatment for AIS patients. Methods. 36 AIS patients were assigned to the core stability training (CST) group (n = 18) and control group (n = 18); the CST group participated in three sessions of core stabilization exercise per week for 12 weeks and the control group did not perform regular physical training during 12 weeks of study. Then, the Cobb angle, respiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP), and pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1.0, and FEV1.0/FVC%) were measured before and after core stabilization training. Results. After 12 weeks of core stabilization training, compared with the pretest, the Cobb angle showed a significant decrease, FVC, FEV1, MIP, and MEP a significant increase ( P < 0.01 respectively), and there was no statistical difference in FEV1/FVC in the CST group; there was no significant difference ( P > 0.05 respectively) before and after an experiment in the control group except MEP decreased significantly ( P < 0.01 , P < 0.05 ). After 12 weeks of core stabilization training, compared with the control group, the Cobb angle significantly decreased ( P < 0.01 ), FVC, FEV1, MIP, and MEP significantly increased ( P < 0.05 respectively) in the CST group, but there was no significant difference ( P > 0.05 , respectively) in FEV1/FVC between the control group and CST group. Conclusions. Core stabilization exercise can be considered to have a positive effect on the normal physiological curvature of the spine in AIS patients, as it decreases the Cobb angle and strengthens respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function.

Football is one of the most popular sports in the world. As the popularity of football continues to grow worldwide, so does the number of incidents of violence on the pitch. Today, doping, match fixing, black whistles, and football hooliganism are ranked as the four most toxic aspects of sport. How to study the factors that cause aggressive behaviour of fans from a psychological perspective has become a key issue in the field of sports. Therefore, this study proposes a method for mining the psychological factors of sport fan community members based on machine learning clustering. Firstly, three different members of a large fan community, i.e., university students, office workers, and unemployed people, are used as research subjects to investigate the psychological factors influencing fans’ aggressive behaviour using a questionnaire method. Secondly, the data obtained were mined and analysed using the K-means clustering algorithm in machine learning techniques. At the same time, a K-means initial clustering centre optimization algorithm based on principal component analysis (PCA) was proposed for the data characteristics of the interaction of psychological factors. The results show that the new algorithm significantly improves the quality of clustering compared with other optimization algorithms and accurately identifies the multiple factors that contribute to the occurrence of fan attacks.

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