Background Knowledge of immune cell phenotypes, function, and developmental trajectory in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) microenvironment is essential for understanding mechanisms of evading immune surveillance and immunotherapy response of targeting special microenvironment components. Methods Using a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset, we analyzed the immune cell phenotypes, function, and developmental trajectory of bone marrow (BM) samples from 16 AML patients and 4 healthy donors, but not AML blasts. Results We observed a significant difference between normal and AML BM immune cells. Here, we defined the diversity of dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages in different AML patients. We also identified several unique immune cell types including T helper cell 17 (TH17)-like intermediate population, cytotoxic CD4+ T subset, T cell: erythrocyte complexes, activated regulatory T cells (Treg), and CD8+ memory-like subset. Emerging AML cells remodels the BM immune microenvironment powerfully, leads to immunosuppression by accumulating exhausted/dysfunctional immune effectors, expending immune-activated types, and promoting the formation of suppressive subsets. Conclusion Our results provide a comprehensive AML BM immune cell census, which can help to select pinpoint targeted drug and predict efficacy of immunotherapy.

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The micrograph and elemental compositions of Pt/MgO/CNT catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. The electrocatalytic properties of the Pt/ MgO/CNT catalyst for ethanol oxidation have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry in 1.0 mol L -1 CH 3 -CH 2 OH and 1.0 mol L -1 KOH aqueous solution. The effect of the content of MgO on the electrocatalytic activity of the Pt/MgO/CNT catalyst was also investigated. Under the same Pt loading mass and experimental conditions for ethanol oxidation, the Pt/MgO/CNT catalyst shows higher electrocatalytic activity than the Pt/ CNT catalyst. Additionally, the Pt/MgO/CNT catalyst possesses a good antipoisoning ability.