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The profiling of oxidase-catalyzed biomarkers is an essential procedure for the diagnosis and precise treatment of metabolic diseases. Inspired by the metabolism of H O in peroxisomes, a novel chemiluminescent silica nanodevice (CSN) was designed for the sensitive and selective sensing of intracellular oxidase-catalyzed biomarkers. Oxidases catalyzed the oxidation of biomarkers followed by the production of H O , and then the generated H O was employed to trigger chemiluminescence of the CSN. Utilizing this nanodevice, we not only accurately quantified intracellular glucose but also developed its further application for facile insulin sensitizer screening. Furthermore, sensitive and multiparametric analysis of oxidase-catalyzed biomarkers like lactic acid, uric acid, and ethanol was demonstrated. Thus, this peroxisome-inspired CSN holds great promise for the general diagnosis of metabolic diseases and in drug discovery.

The monitoring of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in different tissues is significant for disease diagnosis and therapy. However, the time-resolved in vivo sensing of ALP activity remained unresolved. Herein, a novel red–near-infrared fluorescent ALP probe (Cl2–BDCM-ALP) based on a dichloro-substituted dicyanomethylene-4H-chromene derivative was designed and synthesized with high fluorescence efficiency and stability under biological pH range. By using Cl2–BDCM-ALP, ALP activity under an acidic microenvironment such as a tumor site can be sensitively imaged, which cannot be achieved by some previously reported ALP probes. By further loading the Cl2–BDCM-ALP into a near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive nanocontainer, time-resolved long-term imaging of ALP activity was facilely achieved with noninvasive NIR light remote control. Time-resolved variation of ALP activity of the drug-induced acute liver injury mice was successfully monitored in vivo for the first time. This strategy holds great promise in the in situ ALP detection under a broad pH range with temporal resolution.

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A multichannel optical nanosensor capable of identifying and quantitating multiple lectins simultaneously was developed. The quadruple channel of fluorescence and scattering signals can be in situ collected from the same solution system, which offers high accuracy, discrimination resolution and measurement convenience. This nanosensor can in principle be generalized to the analysis of all lectins and saccharide binding organisms.