This study set out to evaluate the phytochemical composition of Erythrophleum suaveolens stem bark extract and its fungicidal attributes towards Aspergillus flavus isolated from Zea mays. The stem bark extract was obtained using soxhlet extraction method with methanol, chloroform, and water as solvents. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis was then carried out to determine the concentration of phytochemicals present in the stem bark extracts, this were the tannin, flavonoid, saponin and phenol with a concentration of 2.47, 1.328, 2.72 and 0.838 mg/g respectively. For the antifungal effect, different crude concentrations of the stem bark extracts were then added to agar wells within Aspergillus flavus swabbed in a potato dextrose agar plate for 2hrs at room temperature and allowed for diffusion to take place. After 48hrs, the cultured samples were examined for zones of inhibition. The water and chloroform extracts had an inhibitory diameter zone of 10 and 2 mm respectively. The utilization of plant extract of Erythrophleum suaveolens could form an alternative to synthetic fungicides/pesticides used in the management of pests and fungi diseases. Significant implication from the result was that, water extract of the plant had higher antifungal potency towards A. flavus isolated from Zea mays

This study is to evaluate the biological disinfectant ability of Aloe vera (under different conditions and parameters) on coliform isolates from leachate that emanate from a dumpsite.Leachate samplewas subjected to a presumptive test to evaluate the presence of coliforms in them; the positive samples were further subjected to a confirmatory test to identify the thermo-tolerant nature of the coliform. The coliforms were thermo-tolerant Escherichia coli (FTE) and Thermo-tolerant coliform (non E. coli) (FTC) Disinfectant efficacies of Aloe vera (with various condition and parameters) were evaluated on the isolated microorganisms from the leachate samples, using the disc diffusion method. The Aloe vera showed that concentration of the disinfectant matters in its efficacy with 5% storage concentration showing high level of zone of inhibition with the isolated microorganisms. Also the Aloe vera was more effective at a lower pH and storage temperatures of 0, 25 and 35oC.

This study set out to evaluate the phytochemical composition of Erythrophleum suaveolens leaves extract and its fungicidal attributes on Aspergillus flavus isolated from maize seeds. The leaves of E. suaveolens were collected from Gwagalada, Abuja, Nigeria, and subjected to soxhlet extraction with methanol and chloroform as solvents to determine the bioactive compounds in the leaves compared to water crude extract. Different crude concentrations of the plant extracts were added for the antifungal effect into wells within Aspergillus flavus swabbed in a potato dextrose agar plate to diffuse at room temperature for 2hrs and the plates were incubated at 28oC for 48hrs before measuring the diameter of the inhibition zones. Tannins, alkaloid, phenols, Triterpenoids, saponin, and flavonoid were present in the plant with tannin, flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid, and phenol having a concentration of 2.49, 1.448, 2.69, 0.505 and 0.366 mg/g respectively. The water, chloroform, and methanol extracts had an inhibitory diameter zone of 10 ± 0.58, 3 ± 0.58, and 0 mm, respectively at p<0.05. This study showed the presence of some bioactive compounds in E. suaveolens. Furthermore, water extract of the plant had higher antifungal potency on A. flavus isolated from maize seeds.

Food safety and security well implemented could help in making more crops available for consumption. Maize seed is a crop well known to be attacked by fungi such as Aspergillus flavus and reduce its nutrients. This study intends to isolate and morphologically identify the Aspergillus flavus from maize seeds from Abuja, Nigeria. The experimental design was complete randomized design involving untreated yellow (Y) and white (W) maize seeds from7 locations in Abuja, Nigeria. Pure culture of fungal isolate was prepared using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Isolates obtained were characterized and identified on the basis of their colonial and morphological characteristics which include macroscopic and microscopic examinations. All maize seeds from the Abaji had no fungi incidences in both SDA and PDA, while all maize seeds from the experimental field show fungi incidences in both SDA and PDA. On SDA, the maize color yellow and white had F (2, 6) static values of 7.083 and 0.212 at p=0.129 and 0.941 respectively. For the PDA, white maize seeds and yellow maize seeds from all the locations had F (2, 6) static values of 0.377 and 0.521 at p=0.850 and 0.773. Aspergillus flavus was isolated in this study. The maize seeds from Kuje district and the experimental field 2 show a high incidence records. All growth of the Aspergillus in the two media used were not significant at p>0.05.

The antimicrobial effect of aqueous extract of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) on some isolated microorganisms under varying parameters was investigated. Aqueous extract of lemongrass was prepared and its antimicrobial effect was evaluated against isolated bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus) and fungi (Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans) at varying temperature (40, 60 and 800C) and concentration (10-1, 10-2, 10-4, 10-8 and 10-16 mol/L) of the lemongrass aqueous extract shows that the extract was resisted by Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. The aqueous C. citratus was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and this inhibition increases as the concentration of the aqueous extract increase irrespective of the temperature of extraction. The aqueous extract of C. citratus is a tremendous antimicrobial substance especially towards Staphylococcus aureus.