We investigate mixed solvents of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and γ-butyrolactone (GBL) to produce the smooth surface of a perovskite film and uniform crystal domains. This ideal morphology from mixed solvents enhances the power conversion efficiency to over 6% by improving the exciton dissociation efficiency and reducing the recombination loss at both interfaces of PEDOT:PSS/perovskite and perovskite/PCBM.
We investigated the effect of ionic liquid molecules (ILMs) in hybrid quantum dot-organic solar cells (HyQD-OSCs). The insertion of an ILM layer between PbS and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) can shift the band edge of PCBM closer to the vacuum level of PbS due to spontaneous dipole polarization. Because of this new architecture, improvements in device performance were achieved, including increases in open-circuit voltage (VOC, from 0.41 V to 0.49 V), fill factor (FF, from 0.48 to 0.59), and power conversion efficiency (PCE, from 1.62% to 2.21%), compared to reference devices under AM 1.5G illumination at 100 mW cm(-2). We observed that treatment of the PbS layer with ILMs causes a significant increase in work function from 3.58 eV to 3.93 eV. Furthermore, the ILMs layer minimizes the contact resistance between PbS and PCBM due to the improved compatibility between the two layers, confirmed as a decrease in charge transfer resistance, as measured by electrical impedance spectroscopy.
Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite
materials have attracted
substantial attention as photovoltaic light abosorbers due to their
outstanding physical properties and outstanding power conversion efficiencies
(PCEs). Structural variation of perovskite absorbing materials has
proven to be an effective route to improve device performance; notably,
tuning of the halide anion composition constitutes a key approach
to control material properties. In this work, we demonstrate a bridged
ternary halide approach to process materials with the formula MAPbI3–y–x
Br
y
Cl
x
, which yields
high PCEs in planar, p–i–n type heterojunction perovskite
solar cells. This ternary halide perovskite system improves device
performance from 12 to 16% when an optimal concentration of 10% Br
is incorporated into the binary Cl–I systems via increases
in short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, and the fill
factor, which arise from the formation of homogeneous crystal domains
and a subtle widening of the optical band gap. Remarkably, the ternary
halide perovskite devices exhibited approximately 100% internal quantum
efficiency (IQE) throughout their entire absorption range (400–800
nm).
We investigate a simple fabrication method for vapor coating small-molecule organic interlayers as replacements for metal oxide films. The interfacial layers, which serve both as both surface modifiers to reduce the substrate work function and electron selective layers, maximize light absorption within the active layer while improving electron transport and compatibility between the active layer and cathode, leading to a ∼22% enhancement in power conversion efficiency and similar air stability compared to devices using a ZnO layer.
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