Objective: The aim of this study was to retrospectively determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from blood cultures of hospitalized patients in 2012. Methods: Antibiotic resistance rates of isolated Gram-negative bacteria were evaluated retrospectively from patients' files. In this study, 106 Gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients' blood culture samples in intensive care units and clinical services were evaluated. Blood samples inoculated into BacT/Alert ® FA Plus aerobic bottles and were followed in a fully automated blood culture device, BacT/Alert ® 3D (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). The identification and antibiotic sensitivity tests of the isolated microorganisms were performed using automated VI-TEK ® 2 (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) system and the results were evaluated according to the standards of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: The most frequently isolated Gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli (37.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.3%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (13.2%). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was detected in 52.5% of E. coli and 83.3% of K. pneumoniae strains. The most effective antibiotics in vitro for ESBL producing and non-producing strains of both types were found as imipenem and meropenem. Resistance to antibiotics tested in ESBL-producing strains of E. coli was found to be significantly higher than non-ESBL-producing strains (p<0.05). In our study, aminoglycosides, particularly amikacin, was found to be the most effective agents for P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii strains. Imipenem and amikacin were found as most effective antibiotics for the Enterobacter spp. isolated in this study. Conclusions: All institutions should determine their microbial agent and antibiotic resistance profiles and establish their own antibiotic treatment policies and follow current guidelines for empirical antibiotherapy. Klimik Dergisi 2014; 27(2): 62-8.

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Objective: Hand hygiene is a basic measure for the control of hospital-acquired infections. However, sustained compliance with hand hygiene in health care workers is poor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the practices and knowledge level about hand hygiene among health care workers in our hospital. Materials and Methods:This study was performed in Diyarbakir Training and Research Hospital in May 2013. A total of 179 health care workers (HCWs) were included in the study. A questionnaire was administered to HCWs to assess their knowledge and practices on hand hygiene. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0 program was used for the evaluation of data.Results: Of 179 patients in the study, 123 (68.7%) were male and 56 (31.3%) were female. The mean age was 28.7 years (18-56 years). A hundred and thirty-three (74.3%) of HCWs had received training on hand hygiene. However, it was determined that the knowledge levels and practices of HCWs on hand hygiene were inadequate.

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