Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have revealed advantages for therapeutic use in medical practice. Microvesicles (MVs) are membranous, cell-derived vesicles released by MSCs into their microenvironment. The conditioned medium (CM) is the medium surrounding MSCs. Aim of the Work: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of MSCs, their CM and microvesicles (MVs) on experimentally induced acute kidney injury in rats. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five rats were divided into five groups: Group I (control group). Group II: given glycerol intramuscularly. Group III: given glycerol then MSCs. Group IV: given glycerol then CM. Group V: given glycerol then MVs. Kidney specimens were processed for H&E and Ki-67 staining and EM studies. Results: Subgroup IIA revealed vacuolation of the cytoplasm, flattening of the epithelial lining the tubules, extrusion of cytoplasm and nuclei into luminal spaces, deeply stained nuclei, and hyaline material in tubular lumina. EM examination of proximal and distal convoluted tubules showed multiple vacuoles, lysosomes, loss of continuity of apical cell membrane, presence of debris in the lumina and vacuolated mitochondria. Group IIB revealed poor improvement with persistence of most lesions. Groups III, VI and V showed amelioration of most of these lesions, and decrease in blood urea and serum creatinine levels. Conclusion: Mesenchymal stem cells, CM and MVs ameliorate induced AKI and with little differences in their effectiveness. CM and MVs can be used in treating diseases.Mesenchymal stem cells have showed many advantages for therapeutic usage such as strong immunosuppressive effects, capability to migrate to the tissue injury sites, lack of ethical issues and better safety of allogeneic MSCs after infusion. However, several problems can occur such as the unwanted differentiation of mesenchymal lineages, high risk of cancer transformation of MSCs and their targeted differentiation may be suboptimal [5] .

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Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that results in recurrent inflammation and ulcers of the colon and rectum. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the possible therapeutic effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and vitamin E on experimentally induced UC in rats.Materials and methods: Sixty rats were divided into five main groups: group I (control group); group II (UC) consisted of 10 rats that received a single intrarectal injection of 2 ml of 3% acetic acid; group ΙIΙ (10 rats) consisted of rats that received vitamin E three times in a week orally after induction of ulcerative colitis; group ΙV consisted of 10 rats that received a single injection of BM-MSCs after induction of ulcerative colitis ; and group V comprised 10 rats that received both vitamin E orally and BM-MSCs after induction of colitis. Colonic samples were examined using light and fluorescent microscopy.Results: Group ΙI showed ulceration, loss of surface columnar epithelium, disturbed crypts architecture with few goblet cells and many cellular infiltrations. Group III showed a picture that was nearly similar to UC group. Group IV showed improvement in colitis. Group V showed a histological picture that was nearly similar to the control group. Conclusions: BM-MSCs represent future therapeutic hopes for chronic intestinal inflammatory states through their regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects.The combination of vitamin E and BM-MSCs was more effective and produced an additive effect than using bone marrow derived MSCs alone.

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