Titanium films of different thicknesses ranging from 18 to 210 nm were deposited on glass substrates, at different substrate temperatures (313 to 600 K) under UHV conditions. Their optical properties were measured by spectrophotometry in the spectral range of 200–2500 nm. The optical functions were obtained from the Kramers–Kronig analysis of the reflectivity curves. The effective medium approximation (EMA) analysis was employed to establish the relationship between the structure zone model (SZM) and EMA predictions. There was good agreement between SZM as a function of substrate temperature and film thickness and the values of volume fraction of voids was obtained from EMA analysis. The gettering property of Ti can play an important role in the nano-structure of the film and causes variations in the optical behaviour of thin Ti films, though films were produced under UHV condition and the XRD analysis did not show a detectable amount of oxidation. The over-layer thickness was calculated to be less than 2.0 nm, using the transfer matrix method.

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Using resistive heated method, Ti films of different thickness ranging from 10 to 200 nm were deposited and post-annealed at a temperature of 473K with a flow of oxygen. The optical properties were measured by transmission spectroscopy in spectral range of 200-2500 nm. The optical functions were obtained from the Kramers-Kronig analysis of the reflectivity curves. The effective medium approximation analysis was employed to establish the relationship between the nano-structure and Effective-Media Approximation (EMA) predictions.It was found the temperature of deposition and thefilm thickness play important roles in the nano-structure of the film and cause significant variations in the optical behaviour of thin Titanium oxide films.

Recently carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are reported to be able to generate large magnetic field because of their nanometer-size-diameter[2]. The magnetic fields around CNTs current path are investigated by magnetic force microscopy (MFM). Under the consideration of the magnetic properties of magnetically coated tip of MFM, tip heights, current directions, and background magnetic field, etc., the magnetic field distribution are analyzed. The distribution of the magnetic field generated by the CNTs current is found to be asymmetric, and its distribution anomaly is found to be a kind of hysteresis effect of the MFM cantilever materials.

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