In this study, the some physicochemical properties, fatty acid compositions and microbiological properties of butter samples were studied. Butter samples (n = 30) were randomly collected from different local markets. Thus, butter samples were evaluated in terms of Turkish regulations, food safety and quality. The mean values of the butter samples for peroxide value (PV), iodine value (IV), saponification value (SV), Polenske value, Reichert-Meissl (RM) and Refractive index (RI) values were determined as 0.85 mEqO2 kg-1, 30.03, 220.09, 1.30, 25.60 and 1.4611, respectively. The moisture and fat values were not in harmony with Turkish Food Codex Butter, Other Milk Fat Based Spreadable Products and Anhydrous Milkfat Notification (the highest moisture content 16%, the lowest fat content 80%) in 23 and 13 butter samples, respectively. The salt values were coherent with Turkish Food Codex in all butter samples. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) rate of the butter samples was ranged from 0.15 to 1.32%. The average values of coliforms, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB) and mould and yeasts counts were determined as 1.67, 6.33 and 5.22 log CFU g-1, respectively.
Bu araştırmada insan sağlığının korunması ve kaliteli ürünlerin elde edilebilmesine yönelik bir durum tespiti çalışması yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Atatürk Üniversitesi Süt Fabrikasına gelen çiğ süt örneklerinden farklı mevsimlerde (yaz, sonbahar, kış ve ilkbahar) 3 faklı üreticiden çiğ süt örnekleri alınmıştır. Bu örneklerde bazı fizikokimyasal analizler (kuru madde, yağ, kül, protein, yoğunluk, asitlik ve pH) ile mikrobiyolojik (somatik hücre sayısı, toplam aerobik mezofilik bakteri (TAMB), maya-küf, koliform grubu bakteri ve Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)) analizler yapılmıştır. Süt örneklerinin kuru madde, kül (P<0.05) ve yağ (P<0.01) değerleri toplandıkları firmadan etkilenirken, protein, yoğunluk, pH ve asitlik değerlerinin etkilenmediği (P>0.05) belirlenmiştir. Mevsimin çiğ süt örneklerinin kuru madde, protein, yağ (P<0.05), kül ve pH (P<0.01) değerleri üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan, mevsimin sadece yoğunluk üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olmadığı (P>0.05) belirlenmiştir. TAMB, maya, küf sayılarının firmalara ve mevsimlere bağlı olarak önemli değişiklikler gösterdiği ortaya konulmuştur. Diğer taraftan, koliform bakteri sayılarının firmalardan ve mevsimlerden etkilenmediği (P>0.05), S. aureus sayıları üzerinde sadece mevsimlerin önemli bir etkisinin olduğu (P<0.01) tespit edilmiştir.
The aroma of fermented dairy products is greatly influenced by the starter culture and the lactic acid bacteria species that are used as starter cultures. Butter samples were produced using no starter culture, commercial starter culture, prepared bacteria mix and prepared bacteria mix + Lactobacillus rhamnosus B19 (L. rhamnosus B19). The aroma profile of the butter samples was investigated using GC-MS. A total of 92 components were determined in the butter samples, including acids (12), alcohols (20), aldehydes (9), alkanes (6), esters (8), ketones (19) and several other aroma compounds (18). The sample containing the prepared starter culture had the most numerous detectable aroma components, while the least numerous components were found in the sample without a starter culture. The 2,3-butanedione (diacetyl) was not detected in the sample without a starter culture. 2-Butanone 3-hydroxy- (acetoin) content was the highest in the sample containing the commercial starter culture and the lowest in the sample without a starter culture.
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