The increase in the population at the global level necessitates to explore promising approaches to increase food supply, including protein and oil, to meet the needs of the people. Cotton is one of the most important oil producing crops and cottonseed meal provides important protein nutrients as animal feed. However, information on the genetic basis of cottonseed oil and protein contents is lacking. In this study; protein contents, oil and fatty acid composition of 124 cotton genotypes were observed for developing new cultivars. Accelerated Solvent Extraction method used for determining fat ratio; Gas Chromatography employed for fatty acid analysis while protein contents were analyzed by Kjeldahl method. Average crude oil 31.0%, total fat contents varied from 23.11 to 37.70% while mean protein content 38.0% were observed among genotypes. The dominating fatty acids included linoleic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid (46.91, 25.73 and 20.21%) respectively, while linolenic acid (0.13%), γ-linolenic (0.33%), palmitoleic acid (0.64%), myristic acid (0.88%), nervonic acid (1%) and stearic acid (2.38%) had variations in fatty acid contents. Frequency distribution of the parameters showed a normal distribution and differences among genotypes for the traits studied were statistically highly significant. Prinicipal component analysis showed a complex opposite relationship with a total protein and oil contents. Genotypes; Fantom for protein, Cirpan 60 for total crude oil, Stoneville 468 and YB195 for higher amount of fatty acids especially oleic acid; can be used for improvement of cottonseed quality in breeding programs.

Pamuk dünyada ve ülkemizde önemli bir tekstil hammaddesi olmakla birlikte aynı zamanda lifi alındıktan sonra yağ ve yem sanayisi ile birlikte birçok endüstri koluna hammadde sağlamaktadır. Pamuk tohumunun yem ve yağ kaynağı olarak insan ve hayvan beslenmesinde kullanımı tohumun içerdiği gossypol maddesinden dolayı sınırlı kalmaktadır. Pamuk ıslah hedeflerinden biri de tohumunda gossypol içermeyen çeşitlerin geliştirilmesidir. Böylece pamuktan elde edilen yağın kalitesi ve insan beslenmesinde kullanım yaygınlığı artabilecektir. Bu çalışma ile markör destekli seleksiyonu (MAS: Marker Asisted Selection) mümkün kılabilecek olan gossypol ile ilişkili markör geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma pamuk genetik stokumuzda bulunan ve yapılacak ıslah programlarında ebeveyn olarak kullanılabilecek 48 adet pamuk genotipi ile yürütülmüştür. İlişkilendirme haritalaması çalışmalarında fenotipik veri olarak gövde (adet/cm2), yaprak (adet/cm2), koza (adet/cm2) ve tohumdaki (adet/mm2) gossypol beze sayıları ve tohum HPLC analizi verileri kullanılmıştır. Genotipik veri olarak genotipler arasında 37 adet SSR markörünün taranması sonucu elde edilen, 83 adet polimorfik bant kullanılmıştır. Genel Linear Modelde (GLM); gövdedeki gossypol ile ilişkili 1 adet, kozadaki gossypol ile ilişki 4 adet, yapraktaki gossypol ile ilişkili 3 adet, tohumdaki gossypol ile ilişkili 8 adet, tohum HPLC sonuçları ile ilişkili 4 adet markör belirlenmiştir. Karışık linear modelde (MLM) ise gövdedeki gossypol ile ilişkili 1 adet, kozadaki gossypol ile ilişki 12 adet, yapraktaki gossypol ile ilişkili 3 adet, tohumdaki gossypol ile ilişkili 3 adet markör belirlenmiştir. Her iki yöntemde de belirlenen 5 adet (BNL3130, BNL3627, JESPR7, BNL3449, BNL387, JESPER178) markör gossypol yönünden oluşturulmuş F2 popülasyonları gibi özel popülasyonlarda doğrulaması yapılarak, markör destekli seleksiyonda kullanımları mümkün olacaktır.

Verticillium Wilt Disease is one of the most important diseases affecting the rate of cotton yield. There is no economic chemical control for Verticillium wilt, but it is recommended to use resistant varieties to control this disease. This experiment was carried out in a randomized plot design with four replications in the growth chamber to determine the response of some cotton cultivars against a defoliating and non-defoliating pathotypes of Verticilllium dahliae Kleb. In the study, a total of twenty cotton cultivars i.e. the resistant control GIZA 75, the tolerant control CARMEN and the susceptible control ACALA SJ2, defoliating (PYDV6 isolate) and non-defoliating (Vd 11 isolate) pathotypes were used, and cotton varieties were tested using conidial suspension technique. Analysis of variance showed significantly (P<0.05) differences among cotton cultivars. The lowest disease severity for the defoliating pathotype was determined in the resistant control GIZA 75 (1.00), followed by the tolerant control CARMEN (1.75) and FAMOSA (1.87). The highest disease severity was determined in the susceptible control ACALA SJ2 by 3.50 and BEREN by 3.12. The lowest disease severity for the nondefoliating pathotype was again determined in the resistant control GIZA 75 by 0.35, followed by the tolerant control CARMEN and GAIA. The highest disease severity value was again found in the susceptible control ACALA SJ2 by 2.50 followed by BEREN 2.12. As a result, cotton cvs FAMOSA and GAIA were tolerant to Verticillium wilt and BEREN was found to be susceptible.

The genus Gossypium provides natural fiber for textile industry worldwide. Genetic improvement in cotton for traits of interest is not up to mark due to scarcity of adequate information about fiber production and quality. Use of DNA markers for overcoming the issues of selection associated with complex traits is the ultimate choice which may lead to initiate breeding by design. Numerous marker-trait associations have been identified for economical traits using linkage analysis in cotton. Currently there is need for developing high-density genetic maps using next-generation sequencing approaches together with genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Efforts have been started in this direction and several QTLs including fiber quality, yield traits, plant architecture, stomatal conductance and verticillium wilt resistance were identified. This chapter narrates genetic diversity, QTL mapping, association mapping and QTLs related to fiber quality traits. The incorporation of various genomic approaches and previously described marker strategies will pave the way for increase in fiber production.

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