Background: Adansonia digitata L (Baobab) contains different classes of bioactive compounds which were identified from various parts of the plant such as seed, leaves, and roots and also stem bark. The study was designed to determine the antibacterial activity of Adansonia digitata leaf and stem bark extracts. Methods: The plant material was extracted using aqueous, ethanol and methanol; and their activity against the three clinical isolates Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) was ascertained using agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the different extracts were also determined. One way analysis of variance was conducted using Stata/SE11.1 and t-test to determine the significant difference between the effects at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The extracts were found to be effective against the tested organisms. The methanolic extracts showed significantly higher activity against the test organisms compared to aqueous and ethanolic extracts (p = 0.000). The result also demonstrated that the leaf extract is more active than the stem bark extract with significant difference (p=0.000). The methanolic and ethanolic leaf extracts exhibited highest inhibitions zone of 19mm and 16mm against E. coli at concentration of 1000mg/mL respectively. The MIC result of the study showed that the methanolic and ethanolic extracts inhibited the growth of the organisms at 25 mg/ml. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts have MBC at 25 mg/mL. Conclusion: The methanolic and ethanolic leaf extracts have significant effect against the test organisms at all concentration tested.

Background: Arm elevation plays an important role in simple and complex daily tasks. Muscles that stabilize the shoulder girdle also function as respiratory accessory muscles. Dual demand on these muscles, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory conditions, leads to dyspnea and fatigue of the upper limb, making simple daily activities difficult. Various tests, including Grocery Shelving Task (GST), are designed to assess functional performance during upper limb activities. The aim of the study is to derive reference values for GST among the population of the United Arab Emirates Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 220 healthy individuals of both genders between the ages of 20 and 69. Duration required to complete GST was recorded. The correlation between duration and age, height, body mass and body mass index (BMI) were also assessed. Results: Reference values for duration (in seconds) in females for age groups 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 and 60-69 are 43.5±5.5, 43.1±8.08, 48.1±6.7, 44.9±7.1, 46.7±6.5 respectively. Values for males of age groups 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 and 60-69 are 45.7±6.7, 44.8±8.9, 42.5±10.01, 53.4±4.2, and 53.9±5.4 respectively. Conclusion: Reference values for GST duration were obtained. Weak correlations were found between duration and age, height, body mass, BMI of the participants.

Background: Arm elevation plays an important role in simple and complex daily tasks. Muscles that stabilize the shoulder girdle also function as respiratory accessory muscles. Dual demand on these muscles, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory conditions, leads to dyspnea and fatigue of the upper limb, making simple daily activities difficult. Various tests, including Grocery Shelving Task (GST), are designed to assess functional performance during upper limb activities. The aim of the study is to derive reference values for GST among the population of the United Arab Emirates Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 220 healthy individuals of both genders between the ages of 20 and 69. Duration required to complete GST was recorded. The correlation between duration and age, height, body mass and body mass index (BMI) were also assessed. Results: Reference values for duration (in seconds) in females for age groups 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 and 60-69 are 43.5±5.5, 43.1±8.08, 48.1±6.7, 44.9±7.1, 46.7±6.5 respectively. Values for males of age groups 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 and 60-69 are 45.7±6.7, 44.8±8.9, 42.5±10.01, 53.4±4.2, and 53.9±5.4 respectively. Conclusion: Reference values for GST duration were obtained. Weak correlations were found between duration and age, height, body mass, BMI of the participants.

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive patients are likely to be at risk of other infectious pathogens such as Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). HIV and HBV are blood-borne pathogens and are transmitted via intravenous drug use, sexual contact, or mother to child during pregnancy or birth.Objective: The present study aimed at determining the seroprevalence of HBV infection among HIV infected patients who are on antiretroviral treatments in Specialist Hospital Jimeta.