Yellow phosphorus (YP) is a powerful protoplasmic poison used in the manufacturing of matches, pest poisons, firecrackers, firework cracker, lights for watches, military ammunition, and agriculture fertilizer. YP is extremely flammable and toxic and easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we examined childhood deaths from 1997 to 2012 resulting from the ingestion of firecrackers. The patients ranged from 2 to 15 years of age and were admitted to the hospital with a variety of symptoms. Those that presented with nausea, vomiting, and hypotension rapidly deteriorated and entered a coma. An autopsy was performed in all but one of the 16 cases reviewed. Macroscopically, the livers had a yellowish discoloration with petechial bleeding. Histopathologic examination revealed acute toxic hepatitis. In conclusion, these firecrackers are found in corner shops throughout Turkey, may cause death in children with little warning, and should be banned to prevent further deaths.
ÖZETİntihar, toplumsal dayanışma, bağımlılık ve özerklik ilişkisindeki dengesizliğin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkabilmekte ve toplumsal bağların gücüne, yapısına göre değişiklik gösterebilmektedir. Bireylerin toplumla ilişkileri, toplumsal destek türü intihar eğilimini etkilemektedir.Mersin ilinde 2012 ve 2013 yılları arasında intihar orijinli meydana gelen ölüm olgularının sosyodemografik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada; 30 olgunun en küçüğü 15 yaşında kız çocuğu, en büyüğü 80 yaşında kadın olup, yaş ortalaması 38.46 yıldır. Olguların 17'si (% 56,7) erkek, 11'i (% 36,6) evli, 16'sı (% 53,4) bekardır. 11 olgu (% 36,6) ilaç ve benzeri madde alımını, yedisi (% 23,3) ası yöntemini, beşi (% 16,6) yüksekten düşme yöntemini uyguladığı, 11 olgunun (% 36,6) kış ve sekizinin (% 26,6) sonbahar mevsiminde intihar eylemini gerçekleştirmiş olduğu, dört (% 13,33) olguda daha önce intihar girişimi öyküsünün bulunduğu, yedi (% 23,33) olguda daha önce psikiyatrik rahatsızlık nedeni ile tedavi gördüğünün ifade edildiği tespit edilmiştir.İntihara yönelik olarak sosyolojik, biyolojik ve psikolojik yaklaşımlar, intihar eyleminin karmaşıklığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada Mersin ilinde intihar orijinli meydana gelen ölüm olgularının sosyodemografik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Anahtar kelimeler: İntihar, otopsi, adli tıp, sosyodemografik özellikler, ölüm. ABSTRACTSuicide may occur as a result of the imbalance in the social solidarity, dependence and autonomy relationship. Suicide act may vary according to the structure and strength of social ties. Relationship with the public and social support type influences the suicidal behavior of individuals. We determine the sociodemographic characteristics of suicidal deaths of 30 cases that occurred between 2012 and 2013 in Mersin; youngest is 15 years old girl, the eldest is 80 years old female, mean age 38.46 years, 17 (56,7 %) cases were male and 11 (36,6 %) were married, 16 (53,4 %) were single. 11 (36,6 %) cases drug and other substance intake, seven (23,3 %) hanging method, five (16,6 %) high drop method had applied. 11 (36,6 %) cases in winter and eight (26,6 %) in autumn, the suicide action has been performed. Four (13,33 %) cases previously had a history of suicide attempts, seven (23,33 %) cases previously had treated with psychiatric disorders.As for suicide, sociological, biological and psychological approaches, reveals the complexity of suicide. In this study, suicidal deaths were to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of cases in Mersin.
Bir yafl›n alt›ndaki bebeklerin ani ve beklenmedik ölümlerin-de; t›bbi ve sosyal öykü, olay yeri incelemesi, yap›lan otopsi ve tetkiklere karfl›n ölüm sebebi aç›klanamayan ölümler ani bebek ölümü sendromu (ABÖS) olarak tan›mlanmaktad›r. Geliflmifl ülkelerde yenido¤an döneminden sonra çocukluk ça¤›nda mortalitenin önemli nedenlerinden biridir. Bebekler genellikle uyku esnas›nda ölü bulunur ve ölüme neden olacak herhangi bir bulgu yoktur. Bugüne kadar birçok çal›flma yap›lmas›na karfl›n sorumlu mekanizmalar ve fizyopatoloji henüz ayd›nlat›-lamam›fl, ancak riski art›ran birçok etken tan›mlanm›flt›r. Ça-l›flmada; ABÖS güncel literatür ›fl›¤›nda de¤erlendirilmifl, risk etkenleri gözden geçirilmifl, s›kl›¤›n›n azalt›lmas›na yönelik ön-lemler belirtilmifl, otopsinin yan› s›ra öykünün önemi de vurgulanm›flt›r.Anahtar kelimeler: Ani bebek ölümü sendromu, bebek, risk faktörleri, uyku, otopsi. SUMMARYSudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden death of an infant under 1 year of age which remains unexplained after a thorough case investigation, including performance of a complete autopsy, examination of the death scene, and review of the clinical history. It is a major cause of postneonatal mortality in developed countries. Generally, the infant is found dead after having been put to sleep and displays no signs of having suffered. Despite many years of research, underlying pathophysiology and mechanism of SIDS still remained controversial but numerous risk factors have been defined. In this article; SIDS and possible risk factors are reviewed and the precautions to decrease the incidence of SIDS and important role of autopsy and history were emphasized.
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