The image of the city is relevant for the national linguоculture in its various genre-style and aesthetic varieties. Ways of its verbalization in different poetic texts testify to the dynamics of Ukrainian artistic thinking. Since the end of the 19th century, the theme of the city in Ukrainian literature has been developing with significant intensity, while the interpretation of the village as a bearer of established ethnocultural stereotypes is gradually losing its relevance. As a result, a new urban type of worldview and the corresponding urban picture of the world with a nuclear macroconcept of the city are formed. These changes are correlated with the transformation of approaches to the linguistic description of the city, the shift of emphasis from the typical for classical literature depiction of urban landscapes, typical or unique urban topos to large-scale reproduction of multidimensional socio-cultural urban text. At the same time, the problem of the relationship between the city and man (the attitude of man to the city, the influence of the city on man, etc.) remains invariably central. The world of the city in the poetic discourse of the XXth century is an environment of a new multifaceted human life (geographical / industrial / educational / informational / social / domestic / personal space). And in this world is formed different from the traditional patriarchal, socio-psychological type of personality. The life of this personality can be harmonized with the life of the city or opposed to it. The interpretation of the city as an artificial space, not harmonized with human life and nature, is a logical continuation of the traditional for Ukrainian literature opposition “village / nature – city”. In the paradigmatic development of the key concepts of this opposition the signs of spiritual – unspiritual, natural – artificial, traditional – modern, national – denationalized are contrasted. Important realization of the image of the city – its display as a space of immorality, mechanized-pragmatic, destructive environment, where there is a moral degradation and depersonalization of man. The general picture of such a negative display of the city is complemented by poetic descriptions of human existence in urban space, which are dominated by senses ‘indifference’, ‘loneliness’, ‘confusion’ and so on. The positive aspect of the relationship between man and the city, human life in the city is observed in the context of verbalization of the motive of human integration into city life, when a person feels an organic part of urban space.

The article deals with the peculiarities of the radical expansion of the Ukrainian-speaking communicative space motivated by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which did not take place due to regulation, but due to the explosive growth of the emotional and socio-political consciousness of Ukrainians. The activity of a voluntary choice in favor of the Ukrainian language in daily communication has been demonstrated, in particular in the practice of state-makers, high-ranking officials of Ukraine, and public figures. This witnessed a radical change in the understanding of language as a symbol of identity and language as a means of communication. The lexical and phraseological means of motivating the choice of the Ukrainian language as a priority means of communication are characterized (voluntarily switched, wanted to switch to Ukrainian and did so, made a choice, decided to speak, decided for myself) and reasons for dissociation from the Russian language (I do not want to speak the same language with the occupiers; I don’t want to have anything to do with the occupiers; I don’t want to speak the language in which children are killed; I don’t want to spread the “Russian measure”; I don’t want to be part of the Russian pseudo-culture; to avoid associations with Russia), etc. Rethinking, recoding linguistic values, realizing that language is one of the fundamental signs of a self-sufficient, self-determined, historically and culturally realized nation is especially significant for state-makers and senior officials of Ukraine. In the context of the analysis of language as a security code, the nature of lexical shibboleths is considered.

The academic paper highlights the results of studying zoomorphic metaphors of modern Ukrainian linguoculture. Poetic texts of the ХХ - ХХІ centuries were primarily the source base because the language of poetry is the natural medium of metaphor. In poetry, the potential of metaphor is fully implemented. It conveys numerous shades of meaning, and semantic nuances, as well as the purpose of influencing the reader, stimulating his creative imagination, giving aesthetic pleasure, expanding the worldview, involving in co-creation, etc. Publicistic texts containing zoomorphic metaphors were also included in the analysis. The purpose of the research was to identify the principal types of zoomorphic metaphors and to find out the features of their semantics and functions in the language of modern Ukrainian poetry and journalism. It has been established that in the Ukrainian linguoculture, the basic donor zones of zoomorphic metaphors are the concepts of animals, birds, domestic animals, reptiles, and insects. A separate donor zone in Ukrainian linguoculture is the wing concept. Based on these donor zones, the types of zoomorphic metaphors were determined. Most zoomorphic metaphors recorded in Ukrainian poetry and journalism are traditional in their form using and implemented content. They have a distinct ethnocultural color and are connected with mythology. The rest of the metaphors are individually and authorial, arising based on the similarity of the compared concepts. All zoomorphic metaphors are divided into three groups according to the presence of an additional evaluative value: metaphors with a positive emotional and evaluative value, metaphors with a negative emotional and evaluative value, and metaphors with a neutral value. Metaphors of positive evaluation are noticeably predominant in Ukrainian poetry. They create specific sensory images of nature and objects and characterize a person and his mental state. The research proved that zoomorphic metaphors are frequently employed in the English language to convey figurative meanings by likening human characteristics or actions to those of animals. These metaphors utilize the traits, behaviors, or physical attributes of diverse animals to enrich the description or comprehension of a specific subject. It was acknowledged that the prevalence and characteristics of zoomorphic metaphors in the English language may diverge from those observed in Ukrainian linguoculture. The particular attributes, cultural associations, and symbolic interpretations assigned to various animals can vary across different languages and cultures.

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