Evliya Celebi, the 17th-century Ottoman traveler, left 10 volume long travelogue behind with insights about places he visited. The depictions in his book include the names, customs, economic conditions, linguistic information, and many other aspects of the people he encountered and the land he visited. Women have played an important role in Evliya Celebi's descriptions in their appearance, names, social roles, and everyday life. In particular, piety was a significant aspect that Evliya Celebi dealt with when narrating the women of a particular place and their everyday engagement in society. When the women were not visible, or the society was segregated based on gender, he showed his appreciation by praising women's morals and the region's people. On the contrary, Evliya Celebi was disappointed in the places where the women were visible in everyday life. In this respect, Evliya Celebi is pleased with women who stay more at home and are not visible in public. This study argues that Evliya Celebi's depiction of pious women who never go out derives from his imagination of his ideal woman, Rabi'a al-Adawiyya. This imagination is thanks to Evliya Celebi's status and background, which can be summarized as pious, patriot, and loyal to the Ottoman palace.

Coffee plays a significant role in today’s Arab culture, and it has long been considered one of the main aspects of Arab history, culture, heritage, and hospitality. It has even been recognized by UNESCO, which added Arabic coffee to its Intangible Cultural Heritage List following the application by several Gulf countries. This study explores the nation-building process of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) through its heritage, with specific reference to the coffee pot (dallah). The UAE forms its national identity (the Emirati identity) by deriving it from a broader identity (that is, being Arab) and defining it to a regional identity (Khaleeji). Moving from a regional to a national identity is intended to unite the seven emirates under one standard identity, but at the same time contain common characteristic features and solidarity with Khaleej and other Arabs. Slight differences to strengthen the desired national (Emirati) identity and differentiate the UAE from the neighbors will be enough in creating national heritage. This study examines how the UAE attempts to create its own heritage, one that is common among its seven emirates, to unite them under one identity. The coffee pot, however, has common features with other Arab and Khaleeji countries, as can be clearly seen from the map. Meanwhile, the process is still in progress, and to date, no consensus has been achieved.

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has sought to establish a national identity among its nationals since its inception in 1971. Contrary to the pessimism in its first few years, the UAE was able to create a national identity among its nationals despite their initially differing loyalties. The UAE has now embarked on a phase of creating a new national identity that includes non-nationals, encompassing migrants and expats. This study argues that this new identity aims to include, at least discursively, non-nationals, presenting them as an integral part of society. It should be noted that this new identity does not seek to standardize or assimilate the whole population, in contrast to the first identity, which aimed to standardize the nationals. Its primary aim is rather to express its appreciation of the migrant population through the notions of tolerance, diversity, and multiculturalism, while also preventing complaints from the nationals. This study analyses the ways of including non-nationals in a new national identity through national gatherings (national days), institutional activities (heritage festivals, cultural gatherings, cultural center visits and activities), media

The Palestinian uprisings, Intifada, is one of the crucial milestones in the Palestinian-Israeli dispute. The first Intifada began in 1987 and ended (at least at the official level) in 1993 with Oslo Accords. The six years of protests affected both Israeli and Palestinian parts. In addition to the international area's criticism for Israel's brutal response, Israel's economy was also affected severely. Even though many Palestinians still criticize the Palestinian Authority for undermining the result of this series of protests, some argue that Oslo Accords are a significant gain for the Palestinians. Without concluding whether the negotiations went well, or Oslo Accords were a gain or a loss, this study argues that the economic aspect of protests was a factor behind the decision which led the Israeli part to negotiate and agree with Palestine. This study examines direct and indirect factors, such as the cost of general strikes, a boycott of goods, refusing to pay tax, and the rise in military expenditure.