Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health issue worldwide. Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercises at steep surfaces on Apo A1 and Apo B serum levels and their ratio in COPD patients. Methods: This interventional study was undertaken on 16 COPD patients. The sample was selected by using the random sampling method. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups of 8 members: uphill and downhill. Spirometry was conducted prior to the exercises and pulmonary volumes were measured. Aerobic exercises (stationary bicycle and treadmill) were started 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The duration of exercises in each session was determined based on the patients’ ability (30-40 min). In the first and second group, exercises were performed on sloped surfaces that were downwards and upwards at a 10-degree angle, respectively. Blood samples were taken from the patients before and after the 8 weeks. Apo A1 and Apo B serum levels and Apo A1 to Apo B ratio were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: ApoA1/Apo B ratio in the uphill group before and after the intervention was 1.43±0.21 and 1.53±0.24 mg/dL, respectively, with P-value=0.36. In the downhill group, this value was 1.27±0.17 and 1.30±0.18, respectively, with a P-value=0.032. Conclusion: In light of the results of the present study, incorporating downhill exercises in COPD patients' rehabilitation program can help improve pulmonary function and prevent atherosclerotic events.

Introduction: The effect of aerobic exercise on the blood coagulation system as a risk factor for coronary disease is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a session of moderate aerobic exercise on some of the blood coagulation factors in the young girls. Materials and Methods: This interventional study was conducted on 11 healthy female volunteers aged 21 to 24 years, who had taken no systematic physical exercise for one year. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The performed protocol comprised 30 minutes of running with 70-75% intensity of maximal heart rate reserved. Every volunteer donated blood for 3 times (before, immediately after and 30 minutes after the intervention), and the coagulation factors of Platelet count, Mean Platelet Volume, PT, aPTT, Fibrinogen and Factor VIII of plasma were measured. The data were analyzed using the repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Immediately after a session of aerobic exercise, the platelet count and factor VIII increased about 23% (P= 0.001) and 75% (P=0.004), respectively while aPTT decreased about 8% (P= 0.007). PT showed a delayed increase observed 30 minutes after the exercise (P< 0.001). Conclusion: The results revealed that physical exercise, even with moderate intensity, activates some of blood coagulation markers and can lead to further side effects and probably a longer recovery. These findings would be helpful in adjusting the exercise intensity for the sedentary people, especially at the beginning of the training course.

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Introduction. Studies have revealed that the anabolic effect of irisin on bone is mediated by an increase in alkaline phosphatase. However, few studies have investigated the interactive effect of irisin on alkaline phosphatase after exercise training. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the impact of endurance and resistance training protocols on serum irisin concentration and total alkaline phosphatase activity in sedentary obese women. Material and methods. Forty-five sedentary obese women (age: 48.96 ± 5.2 years, body mass index 32.24 ± 3.76 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to control, endurance, and resistance groups. Endurance (45 to 75 minutes at an intensity corresponding to 50 to 80% of heart rate reserve) and resistance exercise training (3 sets, 10-15 repetitions at an intensity corresponding to 50 to 65% of one-repetition maximum) were conducted for 8 weeks, 3 days per week. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was estimated using the modified Bruce protocol treadmill test. Fasting blood samples were taken before the first and 48-hr after the last exercise training sessions. The serum concentrations of irisin and total alkaline phosphatase activity were measured using the sandwich ELISA method and photo-metric method, respectively. Results. Both endurance and resistance exercise training protocols caused a significant reduction in BMI and BFP of obese women. In contrast, VO2max significantly increased after both exercise training protocols. However, neither endurance nor resistance training protocols had a significant impact on the serum concentrations of irisin and total alkaline phosphatase activity. No significant inter-group differences were observed between the subjects’ BMI, BFP, VO2max, total alkaline phosphatase, and irisin at the end of protocols. Conclusions. The finding of the current study revealed that neither of the training protocols had a significant impact on bone anabolic parameters. However, performing these types of exercise is suggested for weight management in obese women.

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