In this study, the effect of homogenization pressures (100, 150 and 200 bar) at 50, 60 and 70C and stages (1 and 2) on viability of probiotic bacteria was investigated. The milk used for producing yoghurt samples was homogenized at 100, 150 and 200 bar at 50, 60 and 70C, then heated at 85C for 30 min. After cooling milk to fermentation temperature (42C), it was inoculated with mixture starter culture ABY-1 and incubated. During fermentation, pH dropped until it reached 4.5. After fermentation, yoghurt samples were held in refrigerator. Viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis was determined during a 21-day cold storage (4C). The results of this study showed that with increasing pressure, temperature and stages of homogenization, viability of probiotic bacteria increased during storage (P < 0.05). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe viability of probiotic bacteria in probiotic products is so important; and nowadays, it is also considered by consumers. Probiotic yoghurt is one of the most widely used probiotic dairy products around the world, and therefore finding an efficient and practical way to produce it with the highest viability of the probiotic bacteria seems necessary. Homogenization is one of the most important steps in yoghurt production, and temperature, time and stages of homogenization are three main factors in this unit operation. In this study, by changing the homogenization conditions, positive results were found to produce yoghurt with the desirable viability of probiotic bacteria, so that by simultaneously increasing the homogenization temperature, time and stages, the probiotic viability improved during fridge storage.

Background Insulin resistance (IR) and obesity are risk factors for hypertension; triglyceride-glucose (TyG) is known as a surrogate for IR. The present study investigated the association between the triglyceride-glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI) index and the risk of hypertension in Iranian adults. Methods This study was conducted on a sample of 8,610 participants from the baseline phase of the Ravansar non- communicable diseases (RaNCD) in Iran. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between TyG-BMI and hypertension. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to estimate the predictive power of TyG-BMI for hypertension. Results A total of 4176 men and 4434 women with an average age of 46.74 years were examined. The anthropometric indices were significantly higher in hypertensive than normotensive subjects (P < 0.001). The level of physical activity was significantly higher in the bottom quartiles (P < 0.001). The odds of hypertension in the highest quartile and 3.10 (95% CI: 2.28, 4.16) times significantly higher than the bottom quartile of the TyG-BMI index. The discriminating ability of TyG-BMI to predict blood pressure was 61% (AUC: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.63), and higher than BMI and TyG. Conclusion The TyG-BMI index is associated with an increase in the odds of hypertension. Therefore, the TyG-BMI index can be a new clinical index for early diagnosis of hypertension. Lifestyle modifications such as weight control through physical activity and a healthy diet can help improve IR and prevent hypertension.

Background Insulin resistance (IR) and obesity are risk factors for hypertension; triglyceride-glucose (TyG) is known as a surrogate for IR. The present study investigated the association between the triglyceride-glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI) index and the risk of hypertension in Iranian adults. Methods This study was conducted on a sample of 8,610 participants from the baseline phase of the Ravansar non- communicable diseases (RaNCD) in Iran. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between TyG-BMI and hypertension. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to estimate the predictive power of TyG-BMI for hypertension. Results A total of 4176 men and 4434 women with an average age of 46.74 years were examined. The anthropometric indices were significantly higher in hypertensive than normotensive subjects (P < 0.001). The level of physical activity was significantly higher in the bottom quartiles (P < 0.001). The odds of hypertension in the highest quartile and 3.10 (95% CI: 2.28, 4.16) times significantly higher than the bottom quartile of the TyG-BMI index. The discriminating ability of TyG-BMI to predict blood pressure was 61% (AUC: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.63), and higher than BMI and TyG. Conclusion The TyG-BMI index is associated with an increase in the odds of hypertension. Therefore, the TyG-BMI index can be a new clinical index for early diagnosis of hypertension. Lifestyle modifications such as weight control through physical activity and a healthy diet can help improve IR and prevent hypertension.