The role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in the development of society has been the focus of academic study since the nineteenth century based on the positive contributions of the private sector in spearheading the general and specific roles in the society. The post-Cold War world has witnessed the emerging of NGOs as an alternative to the states due to the liberalization of global economy worldwide. It was since then the academic interest on this phenomenon has risen in particular in the late 1980s when NGOs has managed to replace governments’ role in reaching out to the people, or in other cases becoming the voice of the people before the governments. This study aims to explore the dynamic roles of NGOs in leading the change and reforms in the modern society and how Islamic organization could fit into the framework by critically looking into the experience of Pertubuhan IKRAM Malaysia (IKRAM), a Malaysian-based Islamic organization as a case study. While the results reveal some positive impacts on the society, they also exhibit some challenges and conflicts when the evolution reaches certain stages of time and space, illustrating the dynamic nature of IKRAM as both an Islamic organization and NGO with respect to strategies, resources and strategic actions.

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In the 21st century, the education process should emphasize on learning to improve Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), providing rich and authentic experiences for inquiring, challenging, exploring, developing in-depth knowledge and understanding, and producing imaginative and innovative people. Based on preliminary studies performed over the past five years, information on the problems and needs of primary science education were gathered. The issue found is lack of teaching materials that facilitate the development of the higher-order thinking skills in students, which allow students to learn science independently hence improving their knowledge. This paper will look into the effectiveness of virtual learning to enhance HOTS among the students. Virtual learning, in many ways, have beneficial impacts on learners and communities.To improve the standard of learning according to teachers' qualifications, it is currently essential to create an e-module virtual learning to improve primary school students' higher order thinking skills. This development is based on the view that e-modules are self-contained and selfinstructed and can be used in independent learning.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of edutainment on the Higher Order Thinking Skills in Year Five students. This study utilises quasi-experimental design using pre and post-tests. The development of edutainment module is based on the ADDIE model. The samples comprised of 33 treatment group students and 33 control group students who were randomly selected. The instruments used are pre-test and post-test. Based on the findings of the independent sample ttest for higher order thinking skills applying, analyzing, evaluating and synthesizing, showed significant differences [t (64), p <.05) between the post-test scores of treatment and control groups i.e. all levels showing p = 0.00. In conclusion, this study has found that learning by entertaining students was effective in raising the students' level of thinking skills. The implication of the study showed that edutainment learning can be used by primary school science teachers to improve higher order thinking skill in students.

Syariah Compliant Healthcare Services in a rather unique trend that emerged in Malaysia. It started in few decades ago when certain ‘Islamic’ hospitals started offering Syariah compliant services with the tag line “Ibadah Friendly Hospital”. Syariah Hospital of Islamic Hospital defined as hospital that provides health services in accordance with Syariah principles or in other words applying maqasid Syariah in hospital governance hospital. But a question remains, is there a necessity of Syariah compliant hospitals? And why it became a choice in the market. The research methodology used is qualitative based on content analysis technique to obtain data. This study seeks to find out the reason that motivates this choice by looking into the role of religiosity that is presumed to be the main reason for the choice. Based on the theory of reason action, a literature has been reviewed to construct tools to investigate Muslim attitude towards their intention to choose Syariah compliant hospital.