This paper investigates the relationship between economic growth (GDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign exchange rate (EXR) and openness (OPN) in Nigeria from 1981 to 2013. The paper employed Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillip-Perron technique in testing the unit root property of the series, Granger causality test of causation between the variables, Engel-Granger ECM technique in testing the long run adjustment speed of the model, Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey test of heteroskedasticity, Breusch-Godfrey serial correlation test, Ramsey RESET test of mis-specification, Chow Breakpoint test, after which Jarge-Bera test of normality. The results of the OLS revealed that foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign exchange rate (EXR) and openness (OPN) impacted positively on economic growth (GDP) in the Nigeria. The results of unit root suggest that all the variables in the model are stationary at first difference d(1). The results of Causality suggested that one-way causation existed between economic growth (INGDP) and foreign direct investment (INFDI) but the causation runs from economic growth (INGDP) to foreign direct investment (INFDI) implying that GDP can cause FDI but not the other way round. One-way causation also existed between economic growth (INGDP) and openness (OPN) but the causation runs from openness (OPN) to economic growth (INGDP) implying also that OPN can cause GDP but not the other way round. The result further indicated that no causation existed between exchange rates (EXR) and economic growth (INGDP), openness (OPN) as well as foreign direct investment (INFDI), no causation existed between openness (OPN) and foreign direct investment (INFDI). The ECM result revealed the existence of long run relationship between economic growth (INGDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign exchange rate (EXR) and openness (OPN). The speed of adjustment was found to be at least three years for the long run equilibrium. This paper found that, there is no serial correlation among the error values, no misspecification of the model, and also that the variables of the are not stable throughout the period of the study and the break was found to be 1999 when the current democratic dispensation started. The result further revealed that the residuals of the model are normally distributed which make it possible for the results of this paper be used for policy purposes. In conclusion, this paper found a positive and significant relationship between economic growth and foreign direct investment in Nigeria. Therefore, this paper recommends that concerted effort be made by policy makers and relevant authorities to formulate policies aim at creating a conducive investment environment so that Nigeria can be better destination for foreign investment Policy makers should also take step to ensuring foreign exchange stability and increase openness of the economy so as to achieve meaningful economic growth.
Em todas as sociedades civilizadas, a mídia é uma instituição independente que controla as atividades do povo e do governo. Na Nigéria, além do Executivo, Judiciário e Legislativo, a mídia é considerada o Quarto Poder da Nação. Da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos, o Artigo 19 prevê a liberdade de expressão como parte dos direitos humanos fundamentais.Ao nível da UA em África, o direito à liberdade de informação e de expressão também foi devidamente considerado, especialmente no Artigo nove. A Constituição da Nigéria de 1999 também garante a liberdade de expressão, especificamente na Seção 39 da Constituição que atribui um direito constitucional, poder, função, obrigação e dever à imprensa. As constituições nigerianas desde então têm mantido esse papel. A seção 22 da mesma Constituição reconhece a mídia como o “Quarto Poder da Nação”. Portanto, significa que a mídia é vista como um órgão fiscalizador do governo e de suas agências. A Lei de Liberdade de Informação estabelece que a informação deve ser disponibilizada e que os cidadãos devem se sentir livres para expressar suas opiniões pessoais. Assim, para atingir os objetivos deste artigo, as seguintes perguntas servem como ferramentas básicas de investigação: a mídia nigeriana tem dentes para morder no que diz respeito à liberdade de expressão? Ou as disposições do processo são apenas documentos de troca? Essas questões são o foco principal deste artigo. O artigo emprega uma metodologia de pesquisa multidisciplinar usando uma combinação de métodos sócio-jurídicos para obter os dados contextuais. Além disso, decisões judiciais pertinentes selecionadas em relatórios jurídicos e periódicos foram revisadas para examinar a liberdade de expressão. O artigo também examinou criticamente fontes não legais de informações investigativas ou de apoio. Entre os documentos técnicos revisados estão: A Constituição da República Federal da Nigéria, 1999; Lei de Liberdade de Informação, entre outros.
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