Both F. hepatica and F. gigantica are considered as the main causes of human and animal fascioliasis that have much medical and economic importance worldwide. Nowadays, identification and description of Fasciola species using molecular-based techniques are critical and reliable approach in most laboratories and research centers. Thus, this research aimed to investigate the prevalence of fascioliasis and molecular characterization of isolated Fasciola species in sheep and goats in Sulaimaniyah province, Northern Iraq. Briefly, a total of 100 liver samples from slaughterhouse and 100 fecal samples from the animal field were collected from sheep and goats. In overall collected liver specimens, only 30 (15%) samples were found to be positive using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, from which only 6 samples were selected for sequencing of the partial mitochondrial 28S rRNA gene and codon analysis. Simultaneously, the collected fecal samples were also analyzed using the Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT), in which only 4 samples were positive. The results revealed that the identified four field sequences strains were F. hepatica and the other two field sequences were F. gigantica. In conclusion, we revealed that both F. hepatica and F. gigantica were distributed in Sulaimaniyah province and the mitochondrial 28S rRNA gene is confirmed as a potential biomarker in identifying various Fasciola species.

The request for more efficient and lower-cost therapeutic methods for wound healing remains a challenge for modern medicine. The goals of this investigation were to recognize and look at the impacts of Mastic Gum Resin, Lawsonia Inermis, and Quercus Brantii in wound healing by using histopathological study and blood parameters in BALB/c Mice. Mice were comprised into four groups: Control negative group (n=10), mice were not treated with plant suspension only applied with normal saline; Treatment group I, mice were applied by Mastic Gum Resin (MGR) (n=10), Treatment group II, mice were applied with the Quercus Brantii (n=10), and the last group, Treatment III which were applied with Lawsonia Inermis (LI) (n=10). One ml for each suspension of Mastic Gum Resin (MGR), Quercus Brantii (QB), and Lawsonia Inermis (LI) was applied to the wound directly without suturing for 4 days/week for about 3 weeks. Wound healing effects were evaluated by utilizing the hematological profile for each group with the histopathological study. The cutaneous wound in Mastic Gum Resin and Quercus Brantii treated groups were more effective in progressing wound healing than Lawsonia Inermis treated group regarding histological changes at day 8 and day 18, respectively and blood parameters at day 21.

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Tularemia is one of the diseases transmitted between humans and animals. It is caused by a Gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis. Recent serological studies suggested that tularemia can be an endemic bacterial zoonotic disease in some countries surrounding Iraq such as Iran and Turkey. The main objective of this study is to detect tularemia in Sulaimani province northeast Iraq near to Iran border. Sulaimani city also has contact with many Turkish cities. This study was conducted between Jun and October 2020. Blood samples were taken from one hundred local breed rabbits of different ages and sexes. A highly sensitive real-time PCR technique was used. Sixteen out of one hundred blood samples (16%) were positively taken from different local breed rabbits from four different places in Sulaimani province. All positive samples were detected in the center of Sulaimani city. No published documents have been reported yet about tularemia in Kurdistan Region. This paper documented molecular detection of F. tularensis in local breed rabbits in Sulaimani province Kurdistan Region-Iraq