Background: The postpartum period is the period when women adjust physically and psychologically after the delivery of the baby. It is the period after the end of labor during which special attention of a community health nurse is required on the women's and the baby's health. Research Design: a quasi-experimental design was used. The aim of this study was to Assess postpartum women's knowledge and practice related to self-care in rural area. Setting: This study was conducted at family medicine centers affiliated to shesht El-Enaam health unit at El-Behara Governorate and postpartum women's homes. Sampling: purposive sample of 67postpartum women were included, Primipara and multipara postnatal mothers, during first two weeks from postpartum period, women who delivered normally or by cesarean section and women free from any medical or gynecological disease or disability and their babies free from anomalies. Tools: for data collection three tools were used,1 st tool: an interviewing questionnaire for the postpartum women includes five parts; Part one: socio-demographic characteristics, Part two: obstetric history, Part three: Postpartum woman's cultures and beliefs about postpartum period, Part four: Postpartum woman's knowledge regarding postpartum self-care, Part five: Postpartum woman's self-care during postpartum period, 2 nd tool: review of infant's growth and development measurements sheet, 3 rd tool: home environmental assessment observational checklist. Results:the current study revealed thatless than three quarter of postpartum women had negative total cultures and beliefs regarding postpartum self-care, more than two fifth of postpartum women had satisfactory knowledge toward total postpartum self-care, also majority had inadequate self-care. With a highly statistically significant difference between knowledge and self-care practice Conclusion: the total score level for self-care practice revealed that the majority of study sample unaware of adequate self-care practice in rural areas. Recommendations: applying health education programs about maternal health issues through ministry of health.