Background: The postpartum period is the period when women adjust physically and psychologically after the delivery of the baby. It is the period after the end of labor during which special attention of a community health nurse is required on the women's and the baby's health. Research Design: a quasi-experimental design was used. The aim of this study was to Assess postpartum women's knowledge and practice related to self-care in rural area. Setting: This study was conducted at family medicine centers affiliated to shesht El-Enaam health unit at El-Behara Governorate and postpartum women's homes. Sampling: purposive sample of 67postpartum women were included, Primipara and multipara postnatal mothers, during first two weeks from postpartum period, women who delivered normally or by cesarean section and women free from any medical or gynecological disease or disability and their babies free from anomalies. Tools: for data collection three tools were used,1 st tool: an interviewing questionnaire for the postpartum women includes five parts; Part one: socio-demographic characteristics, Part two: obstetric history, Part three: Postpartum woman's cultures and beliefs about postpartum period, Part four: Postpartum woman's knowledge regarding postpartum self-care, Part five: Postpartum woman's self-care during postpartum period, 2 nd tool: review of infant's growth and development measurements sheet, 3 rd tool: home environmental assessment observational checklist. Results:the current study revealed thatless than three quarter of postpartum women had negative total cultures and beliefs regarding postpartum self-care, more than two fifth of postpartum women had satisfactory knowledge toward total postpartum self-care, also majority had inadequate self-care. With a highly statistically significant difference between knowledge and self-care practice Conclusion: the total score level for self-care practice revealed that the majority of study sample unaware of adequate self-care practice in rural areas. Recommendations: applying health education programs about maternal health issues through ministry of health.

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Background: Ambulatory care is provided in a variety of settings, including physician's offices, hospital-based clinics, and public health clinics. The Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of training program for improving the nurse's performance toward infection control in ambulatory care units. Setting: This study was conducted in ambulatory care units at University Ain Shams specialized hospital, Cairo Governorate, Sampling: A purposive sample of 83 nurses working in ambulatory care units in Ain Shams specialized hospital, Study design: descriptive Study. Tools: two tools were used for data collection, First: An interviewing questionnaire divided into two parts: Part 1 nurses Socio-Demographic, Part 2 Nurses knowledge. Second: Observation checklist for assessing nursing performance regarding infection control Results Reveals that 53.8% had correct performance toward infection control preprogram, improved to 87.4% post program implementation, there were statistically significant differences between nurse's total knowledge scales and subscales in Pre and Post program. Also reveals that there were highly statistically significant differences related to nurses correct performance score level pre and post program. Conclusion: education training program reported remarkable improvement in ambulatory care nurses' knowledge and performance toward infection control. Recommendations the study recommended that Continuing training courses for nurses to demonstrate nurses' compliance/ performance/ utilization of standard precautions of infection control by the infection control team.

Background: Osteoporosis is a growing health problem in developing countries, especially in the Middle East. It causes a significant personal and societal impact and increases the burden on health care services. Aim of the Study: assess health beliefs, knowledge and practices of adolescent girls regarding osteoporosis. Subjects and Methods: Study design: descriptive design was utilized in this study. Setting: The study was conducted at schools of Mrs. Aisha, Secondary Girls Alqadima (Mohamed Gaber Qusla) and Secondary Girls Alhaditha in Beni-Suef city. Size: the sample composed of 130 adolescent girls chosen randomly through multistage sampling. Tools: Two tools were used in the study including: First tool: interviewing Questionnaire that assesses socio-demographic data, knowledge and reported practices regarding osteoporosis. Second tool: Osteoporosis Health Belief model Scale to assess beliefs of adolescence girls about osteoporosis. Results: the current study clarified that minority of the adolescent girls had satisfactory knowledge about disease and only 26.2% of the adolescent girls had adequate practice regarding the disease. As regards health beliefs the current study depicts that, more than half of the girls had negative beliefs regarding the disease. The current study represents that, there was highly significant positive correlation between total adolescent girls' knowledge about osteoporosis and their practices. Conclusions: Adolescent girls in the current study had lacked appropriate knowledge and practices regarding osteoporosis. Recommendation: Conducting and disseminating educational programs at various settings to reach all female's age group to increase their knowledge and practices regarding osteoporosis. Further researches in the area of contributing factors of osteoporosis among young adults to improve understanding and management.

Background: Most childhood poisoning cases occur in the home as children less than five years old spend most of their time there. These cases are presumed to be preventable or have fewer complications through the removal of hazards or applying the basics of first aid measures by their mothers or caregivers. The Research design: a descriptive exploratory study was utilized. The study aimed to assess mothers' awareness about poisoning prevention among their children under 5 years. Setting: The study was conducted in the Maternal and Child Health Center of Toukh Dalaka village in Tala City at the Menoufia governorate. The sampling technique was purposive nonprobability sampling. 336 mothers were included in the study which started on January, 2021 and ended on April, 2021. The tool of data collection was an interview questionnaire sheet, which consists of 4 parts. 1 st part: Socio-demographic characteristics of the studied mothers and children. 2 nd part: mothers' knowledge about the poisoning of children under 5 years. 3 rd part: mothers' reported practices toward home environmental safety and poisoning preventive measures should be used for their children under 5 years. 4 th part: mothers' reported practices toward poisoning first aid for their children under 5 years. The results of this study illustrate that less than half of the studied mothers were between 25 and 33 years, the majority of them had at least middle education, about half of them were employees, the majority were married, more than half of them lived in extended families, about third of them had two children and more than third of them had a fair family income monthly. About fifth of the studied children were previously exposed to poisoning, as household, pesticides, medication and other causes. Less than two-thirds of the studied mothers had total complete correct answers about poisoning. More than two-thirds of the studied mothers did satisfactory total reported practices toward home environmental safety, poisoning prevention and poisoning first aid for their children under 5 years. The current study concluded that there is a statistically significant relation between mothers' age, educational level, occupation, family income monthly and their knowledge about poisoning. A positive correlation with a highly statistically significant relation was found between mothers' total knowledge about poisoning with their reported preventive and first-aid practices. A statistically significant relation between mothers' age, educational level, occupation, marital status, family income monthly and their reported practices toward poisoning first aid for their children under five years. This study recommended continuous, repetitive health education programmes and training courses for mothers who have children underfive years and attend primary health care settings regarding poisoning prevention, environmental safety measures and first-aid practices.