Iron deficiency anemia is a major global public health problem. Food fortification with iron (Fe) can be an effective strategy to control iron deficiency. An iron oxide nanoparticle (NP) is a new physical and chemical property form. These properties (small particle size, unique physical properties) make nanoiron a great scientific interest especially in the treatment of anemia. The study aimed to reduce anemia by nanoparticles (NPs). Forty-eight adult female Sprague-Dewily rats were divided into four groups (12 rats each). Group A represented a negative control. Other groups were fed standard diet iron free and three time of require zinc to reach anemic. Group B fed standard diet with ferrous sulfate until the improvement of the situation of anemia or for 8 weeks. Groups C and D were divided into three subgroups; each subgroup was fed a dose from magnetite or folate coated magnetite NPs. Results showed that symptoms of loss of appetite and severe lethargy demonstrate that magnetite and folate-coated magnetite nanoparticles have serious toxicological effects in vivo. Some doses from NPs improve blood picture during 2 weeks but change in histopathology examinations were occur in some groups within 2 weeks. Nanoparticles were considered the toxicological hazards especially the size of less than 54 nm.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as preservatives add with variable concentrations to corn oil to may improve the shelf life. AuNPs was prepared by pyrolysis in oleic acid then sample was characterized by transmission electron microscope and UV spectroscopy. Rancidity analyses and microbiological properties were performed through storage periods. The results showed that AuNPs decreases total bacterial count and chemical analyses except iodine value but shelf life increases compared to control sample. Practical applications It is of interest to know that, gold nanoparticles not only have the antibacterial function, but also have good safe guarantee in human edible and touchable fields. It is nontoxic, odorless, and safe having passed the FDA attestation in the United States. The future prospective of these nanomaterials give a wide range of chances for the development of innovative products and applications in the food system.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect supplemented diets with different doses of flaxseed on some biological, biochemical and histopathology changes in rats suffering from nephropathy. Thirty adult male albino rats "Sprague were divided into two main groups, the first main group fed on basal diet as a (negative control group). The second main group (24 rats) injection with 10 ml glycerol /kg dissolve in saline solution (glycerol / saline solution v/v) to induce renal failure, the dose of glycerol were injected under slight diethyl ether anesthesia. The second main group divided into four subgroups, the first subgroup fed standard diet (positive control group). The second subgroup fed standard diet containing 3% flaxseed. The third subgroup fed standard diet containing 5% flaxseed. The forth subgroup fed standard diet containing 7% flaxseed. At the end of the experiment (4 weeks), blood samples were taken; serum was separated and subjected to biochemical analysis (renal function). Glutathione, Malondialdehyde and histopathology were exanimated in kidney tissue in all groups. The results indicated that all treated groups get better in body weight gain%, Kidney functions (urea, uric acid and creatinine in serum) and GSH and MDA renal tissue ameliorated especially in renal failure rats fed on diet containing 5% and 7% flaxseed.

Aim: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurological disorder and the most common form of dementia. Until date, the cause of AD eludes us, but a number of hypotheses have been put forward to try and understand the mechanisms involved. A series of studies have indicated that environmental factors, such as pesticides, heavy metals, and others can contribute to the development and progression of AD. Based on these data, we determined the impact of pesticides (chlorpyrifos oxon [CPO]) on AD-like pathogenesis in amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice. Methods: APP mice were treated at various times with low-dose CPO (1 mg/kg/day), in utero (3-week of gestation), during lactation (3-week), or as young adults (continuous dosing). Results: Exposure to CPO at all times enhanced neuro-inflammation and exacerbated oxidative stress in the brain prior to amyloid deposition. CPO-treated APP mice showed a decrease in memory and learning compared with untreated APP mice; furthermore, analyses of brain tissue sections and extracts showed an increase in Aβ levels and C-terminal fragment-β levels, a decrease in soluble APPα (sAPPα) levels, and an increase in plaque load. In addition, CPO-treated APP transgenic mice showed a significant decrease in neurotrophic factor levels (nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin-3) compared to vehicle-treated APP transgenic animals. Treatment with galantamine attenuated the effects of CPO by reducing amyloid β levels and amyloid load. Conclusion: CPO accelerated and exacerbated the disease development and progression in the APP mice suggesting that pesticides may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AD.

lasticizers (diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-butyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), and diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) are widely used in the manufacture of plastics. Phthalates are not covalently bound to the plastic matrix and can leach into food during packaging. This study investigated the migration of phthalate derivatives from Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles into their water and vinegar under different storage conditions. Gas chromatography (GC) with a mass spectrometry (MS) system is used. The results showed that the highest migration level was DEHP levels after 4 months at 40ºC reached 62.5 and 51.9 µg/L in bottled water and vinegar these values were 10.4 and 8.65 times higher than the upper limit for maximum contamination level (MCL) in drinking water as regulated by U.S.EPA, which equal 6.0 µg/L for DEHP.