The dissolution of 2-hydroxbenzoic acid in binary solvent (ethanol+water) mixed with various ethanol concentrations was experimentally tested at temperatures from (293 to 313) K under atmospheric pressure by the equilibrium process. As the temperature rose, the degradation of 2-hydroxbenzoic acid in all ethanol concentrations rose. Tower thermodynamic models like the van't Hoff equation, modified Apelblate equation, were correlated with the dissolution results. The measured dissolution with the modified Apelblate equation was found to provide good agreement with experimental values for the behaviors of 2hydroxbenzoic acid dissolution. On the basis of the van't Hoff study, the thermodynamic properties of the standard dissolution enthalpy ∆H, standard entropy ∆S, and the standard Gibbs free energy ∆G were evaluated. The values of free energy ∆G and enthalpy ∆H were increased as the percentage of ethanol and temperature increased while the values of entropy ∆S were decreased at the same values. The Nonlinear variation of ∆G, ∆H, and ∆S with mole % indicate there is specific solvation occurring in a water-ethanol mixture Discovered iso-kinetic temperature. 268.7 (less than 300) means that there is a weak interaction between solvent and solvent, or there is a slow shift in the solvent or reactant structure, or both.

We investigate the solubility of guanine and uracil, two nucleic acid bases xylose, glucose, and sucrose solutions in aqueous. It was discovered Guanine solubility rises in lockstep with glucose and sucrose concentrations. However, this is not the case for the other reagents. Guanine solubility increases below 1.5M reagent, and it follows this pattern: ribose(R)

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The manufacture of copper oxide nanoparticles utilizing a green method is the subject of the study (environmentally friendly). The Capparis Spinosa plant's aqueous extract was used. The adsorption batch method was used to extract Pb (II) and Cr (III) ions from their aqueous solutions using this oxide. To describe and study the surface FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and AFM were among the methods used. were applied. All of the reflection peaks with relative intensities of different planes, as determined by XRD analysis, indicate CuO was found, and the spectral analysis revealed that the particle size produced was about (14.28 nm), which corresponded to those estimated by SEM and TEM. The sizes of the CuO particles were measured using SEM, TEM, and AFM, and they were found to be in the nanoscale range. The result of the impact of contact time, adsorbent dose, introductory fixation Finally, the thermodynamic bounds for the impact of temperature were calculated after considering pH and temperature.