Background: Catheter associated urinary tract infection is considered as the commonest complication of indwelling catheter. Chronic indwelling catheters are an important reservoir of different multiresistant gram-negative organisms as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methodology: Our study was carried out on patient with CAUTI who were admitted to Urology Department at Tanta University Hospital. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates that were resistant to meropenem were subjected to phenotypic detection of efflux pump mechanism by CCCP test and genotypic detection of efflux pump gene by PCR. Results: P-aeruginosa was isolated from 14.6% of CAUTI. Meropenem resistance was found in 19.6% of isolates. We found 100% correlation between phenotypic and genotypic detection method as regard mex A gene.

Our study aimed to detect the correlation between the MSCRAMMs gene expression and the ability of MRSA to produce biofilm phenotypically. Methodology: We studied staph aureus isolated from cleft lip and cleft palate of congenital mal or deformed children. Total of 100 isolates were collected from cleft lip and palate of children from plastic surgery department of Tanta University Hospital during a period of 11 months. All samples were subjected to phenotypic methods then biofilm forming strains were assessed for genes by multiplex PCR. Results: 85/100 of samples were stap. Aureus 28/85 were MRSA .Phenotypic aspect showed that 56% of strains were high biofilm producers while 30% were intermediate and 14% were low producer. fib gene was the most prevalent gene among tested strains producing biofilm. Conclusion: MRSA harbor MSCRAMMs encoding gene family, There are several genes icaA&B&D & eno &ebps anf fib are the targeted in our study. There is a strong correlation between ability of biofilm formation and its genotypic control.

Background: Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea (AAD) is a common health problem in patients under antibiotic therapy. Clostridium difficile is the commonest cause of AAD. Objectives: our study aimed to compare between cytotoxicity assay and PCR for the diagnosis of Clostridium difficile antibiotic associated diarrhea as regard specificity and sensitivity Methodology: Stool samples were collected from patients clinically suspected to have antibiotic associated diarrhea and proved by sigmoidscope from General Surgery Department in Tanta University. All samples were subjected to cytotoxicity assay to detect C-difficile toxin and PCR to detect ctd B gene encoding for toxin B. Results: Cytotoxicity test showed specificity 96% and sensitivity 90.5%.while PCR assay showed specificity 100% and sensitivity 98%. Conclusion: PCR is rapid, specific and sensitive in the diagnosis of C-difficile Antibiotic associated diarrhea. METHODOLOGY Subjects and designThis study was carried out during the period from August2018 to August 2019. Thirty Patients were selected from General Surgery Department, Tanta University Hospital. They were suspected clinically to have antibiotic associated diarrhea and colitis.