Early childhood caries is a global healthcare concern in developing and industrialized countries. If left untreated, it leads to immediate and long-term complications that affect the well-being and quality of life of concerned families. Therefore, many preventive and treatment approaches are available to the healthcare provider to curb this virulent form of caries. After behavioral interventions, general anesthesia is used in specific settings when a young patient presents with extensive teeth damage and exhibits a lack of cooperation that is incompatible with conventional dental office care. However, without proper follow-up, any positive results might be lost over time.

Introduction: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common and painful clinical occurrence that can negatively impact patients' quality of life. An arsenal of different desensitizing molecules is available on the market, but no gold standard has yet to be set. Aim: The aim of this study was to perform a review on the potential of nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) as a desensitizing toothpaste agent as opposed to placebo or other desensitizing molecules. Materials and Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, an electronic search of the PubMed database was conducted from inception up until May 2021. Seven English written randomized controlled trials about the use of n-HA toothpaste in treating adults with DH were assessed for quality via the modified Jadad scale, and included in the review. Non-English studies, publications involving lasers, and studies researching the effect of n-HA on gingival inflammation or postwhitening sensitivity were all excluded. Results and Discussion: Available evidence suggests that n-HA is a promising addition to the growing arsenal of desensitizing treatments available on the market. Conclusion: n-HA remains a viable everyday option that dentists should strongly consider for their patients' pain relief. However, due to the heterogeneity of pain studies and the lack of standardization in trial protocols, no evidence of superiority to other desensitizing agents can be ascertained, thus far.

Objectives: Down Syndrome patients are a particularly vulnerable group to teeth loss and periodontal disease. Therefore, the need for prosthetic rehabilitation is only a matter of time. The aim of this systematic review is to assess and summarize the available literature regarding the outcome of dental implants in patients with Down Syndrome. Materials and Methods: An electronic search was performed in Pubmed-Medline, Lilacs, and Cochrane Library. Search terms used were: “dental implant” OR “implant rehabilitation” AND “down syndrome”. Articles reporting the placement of implants in patients with down syndrome up until 2022 were included.  Results: A total of 15 studies (10 case reports, 4 retrospective studies and 1 prospective study) comprising 234 implants placed in 61 patients were included. Implant failure occurred for 45 implants, leading to a survival rate of 80.7%. 12 studies out of 15 reported their results after a follow up period of 6 months to 4 years.  Conclusion: The limited body of evidence suggests a survival rate of implants in Down Syndrome patients that is lower than among the general population. While several risk factors could explain these failures, there is still much to be answered regarding the mechanisms leading to implant rejection. A careful approach by dental practitioners should be the norm until better designed future studies with longer follow up periods can further shed light on the outcomes of implant therapy in Down Syndrome patients.

Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis is a rare benign oral disorder characterized by non-hemorrhagic, gradually progressive fibrous gingival enlargement. This overgrowth can be so severe that it can impact both maxillaries, on lingual and buccal sides, sometimes completely covering the crowns. This condition can begin during primary dentition and continue throughout adulthood, setting up a cascade of stomatognathic and psychological negative effects. Herewith, we report a case of a non-syndromic 14 year old female who presented with generalized severe gingival enlargement involving both arches and subsequently diagnosed as idiopathic gingival fibromatosis. The chief complaints were unaesthetic appearance and lack of eruption. The excess tissue was surgically removed under general anesthesia, using electrosugery. The patient was issued regular follow-ups to ensure proper oral hygiene and periodontal controls. Awareness of this condition is of utmost importance for early diagnosis and to prevent further complications spilling into adult age.