We present an exact solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) for beam propagation in nonlinear fiber optics. It is a lossy fiber system with the beam as solitons. Fiber losses are understood to reduce the peak power of solitons along the fiber length. That is due to its value depending on the fiber attenuation constant of α. Considering fiber loss features on the equation, we write one set modification of the NLSE and make models the main topic of our work. We solved the model and found a straightforward analytical solution of modified NLSE for the system via the direct solution method. To the best of our knowledge, no literature has presented such as solution yet. By substituting them into equations, we validate solutions. It is valid as an exact solution to the NLSE. Lastly, we found a solution offering soliton propagation suitable for the system under study.
Temperatur udara permukaan di Sumatera Barat telah diteliti menggunakan data stasiun Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG) untuk 11 tahun pengamatan (2007 – 2017) di empat lokasi, yaitu Teluk Bayur (Padang), Minang Kabau (batas kota Padang – Padang Pariaman), Sincincin (Padang Pariaman) dan Padang Panjang. Selain itu digunakan juga data re-analisis dari European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis interim model data (ECMWF ERA-Interim) untuk 38 tahun pengamatan (1980 – 2017). Osilasi internal temperatur udara permukaan di Sumatera Barat diamati menggunakan transformasi wavelet dengan mother Maxican Hat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa temperatur udara permukaan rata – rata di Sumatera Barat meningkat sekitar 0,007⁰C-0,01⁰C/tahun. Temperatur maksimum harian meningkat sekitar 0,058⁰C-0,066⁰C/tahun, sedangkan temperature udara minimum harian meningkat sekitar 0,028⁰C-0,045⁰C/tahun. Periode ulang temperatur udara permukaan di Sumatera Barat yang paling dominan adalah satu tahun, atau biasa disebut osilasi tahunan yang disebabkan oleh monsun. Selain itu, terdapat osilasi 4 dan 8 tahun yang bersesuaian dengan siklus El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa temperatur udara permukaan di Sumatera Barat dipengaruhi oleh monsun dan ENSO. Kata kunci: Temperatur udara permukaan, Sumatera Barat, ERA-Interim, monsun, ENSO
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