AIM:There is growing evidence that Vitamin D (vitD) has an important role in glucose metabolism. Although there are some observational studies reporting lower levels of 25 hydroxy vitamin D in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to normal pregnant women, the other calcium metabolism hormones calcitonin (Cal) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) have not been fully researched in GDM. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitD, Cal and PTH in GDM. MATERIAL AND METHODS:A total of 100 pregnant women whose ages and body mass indices were similar, fifty with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and the other fifty with GDM, were included in the study. Their demographic and anthropometric parameters, vitD, active vitD, Cal and PTH levels in the summer season were screened retrospectively. The pregnant women with GDM were classified according to the age, parity, being veiled, BMI and vitD levels. All parameters were compared, then the correlations of those parameters were investigated in the groups and GDM subgroups. RESULTS:VitD levels were statistically insignificantly low in the GDM group and also in the older, multiparous, veiled, and obese GDM subgroups. Cal and PTH levels were not different in both groups. The vitD deficient and obese GDM subgroups had significantly higher Cal levels than their opposite subgroups. There was a positive correlation between Cal and BMI in the GDM group and in the VitD deficient, older, and veiled GDM subgroups. Positive correlation between vitD and C-peptide was found only in the obese GDM subgroup. In the logistic regression analysis including GDM subgroups and calcium metabolism hormones, except younger age (OR=0.116 (95% CI=0.04-0.338, p=<0.001)), VitD, active VitD, Cal, and PTH had no effect on GDM prediction. CONCLUSION:Although no significant difference was found in the VitD, Cal and PTH levels of the GDM patients during the summer season, it was thought that VitD could play a role in the obese GDM patients. It was also concluded that Cal and PTH did not have roles in gestational diabetes mellitus. Larger, carefully designed studies including throughout the pregnancy and postpartum periods and seasonal variations are required.

We planned this study with the aim of determining histological types, clinical, surgical stage and grade of endometrial cancer cases which were followed-up and operated on in our clinic and giving an opinion on epidemiological features. Our study was a retrospective study consisted of 298 patients who had medical operations with the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. Endometrial cancer was diagnosed via dilatation and curettage. Routine preoperative examinations were wanted from the cases. Clinical stage was determined. After the diagnosis, total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-ooforectomy (TAH+BSO) were applied; while only pelvic lymph node dissection was applied on the patients who had good prognostic data, total pelvic and paraaortic lymph node dissection were applied to the group with bad prognostic data. All materials were examined in the pathology laboratory of our hospital. In endometrial cancer staging, FIGO surgical staging system -2009 was used. FIGO was used in grade classification and World Health Organization Classification of Tumors system was used for the histological classification. Our study was composed of 298 patients who had endometrial cancer. Of the patients who were included in the study, average age was 56.54±9.69, BMI average was 31.47±6.20, gravida average was 4.16±2.59, and parity average was 3.41±2.15. Distributions of the patients by surgical stages were as follows; there were 32 patients whose tumor stage was in 1A (%10.7), 127 patients in 1B (42.6%), 47 patients in 1C (15.8%), 18 patients in 2A (6.0%), 7 patients in 2B (2.3%), 30 patients in 3A (10.1%), 2 patients in 3B (0.7%), 30 patients in 3C (10.1%), 2 patients in 4A (0.7%) and 3 patients in 4B (1.0%). Of the patients with endometrial cancer in our study, tumors of 102 patients were (34.2%) in grade I, 139 were (46.6%) in grade II and 57 were (19.1%) in grade III. Because endometrial cancer shows earlier symptoms than the other gynecological cancers, it can be diagnosed in early stages. There is a surgical standard treatment, but it changes according to the stages and general state of the patients.