The present state of the trends of the use of herbaceous species of Paeonia L. was studied and their prospects for greening the Podillya area were determined. The cultivars and hybrids of peony culture are investigated, entered in the State Register of Ukraine and analyzed the dynamics of their creation over the years. The analysis of researches and publications of cultivars of milky-flowered breeding breeding in our country was carried out. The decorative properties of the herbaceous peony varieties (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) Were analyzed and the characteristics of the varieties represented by the originator of the varieties represented by all indicators were studied. According to the results of the research, Paeonia L. varieties, which are entered in the State Register on a set of indicators that determine their decorative and economic and biological qualities, are recommended as objects for the enrichment of the plant variety for planting the Ukraine. The analysis of species and grade composition of Paeonia L.
Проаналізовано сучасний стан напрямів використання трав'яних видів Paeonia L. та визначено їх перспективи використання у декоративному садівництві та озелененні. Досліджено сортовий асортимент видового та чисельного складу сортів трав'яних видів Paeonia L., яких занесено до Державного реєстру, та проаналізовано динаміку за роками їх створення. Наведено загальну характеристику досліджуваних сортів, яких занесено до Реєстру. Досліджено сортові властивості 42 сортів та гібридів трав'яних видів Paeonia L. Наведено результати первинного інтродукційного випробування квітниково-декоративних сортів, що належать до представників сортів трав'яних видів Paeonia L. в умовах Поділля. Проаналізовано видовий склад роду Paeonia L. та визначено перспективність їх використання для озеленення різних об'єктів зони Поділля. З метою диференціації рослин відповідно до сфери їх можливого використання наведено морфометричні показники сортів представників цього роду. Дослідженням встановлено, що всі досліджувані сорти викликають інтерес як потенційно цінні об'єкти для збагачення асортименту вітчизняних декоративних рослин та є перспективними для поліпшення стану парків, скверів, садків зони Поділля. Враховуючи високі декоративні властивості цих видів та широкі можливості їх застосування, квітниково-декоративні рослини представників трав'яних видів Paeonia L. становлять значний інтерес для садівництва та поповнення асортименту декоративних культур нашої держави. Також дослідженнями визначено природні можливості представників трав'яних видів Paeonia L., пластичність до зміни їх життєвої форми. Висока якість за сукупністю ознак, що визначають їх декоративність, характеризує досліджувані рослини як джерело для інтродукції, а також збагачення асортименту декоративних культур в Україні. Отже, інтродукція представників роду Paeonia L. для озеленення дає змогу значно розширити асортимент декоративно цінних рослин та збагатити культивовану флору зони Поділля та України загалом. Порівняння отриманих результатів з характеристикою сортів, які представив оригінатор, показали збігання сортових ознак за всіма показниками. Враховуючи, що Півонії належать до провідних культур, які набули широкого застосування в озелененні завдяки високій декоративності яскраво забарвлених суцвіть, оцінено рівень пристосованості сортового матеріалу цього виду. Означені якості проявилися повною мірою у всіх сортів, які ми вибрали для випробування в умовах Вінниччини, що підтверджено даними фенологічних спостережень та обліку їх господарсько-біологічних якостей за критеріями, прийнятими Державною методикою сортовипробування.
The widespread use of water in crop production and agriculture is due to a significant increase in yields during the watering of agricultural crops, as well as the transfer of pesticides and mineral fertilizers to plants and soil by water. One of the ways to improve the quality of water used in crop production is to structure it. An urgent task is to study the effect of structured water delivered to agricultural crops by watering or spraying on the yield, quality of the resulting products and agroecological condition of the soil. Field studies on pea crops were conducted at experimental sites of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, laboratory studies were conducted in accredited laboratories for monitoring the quality, safety of feed and raw materials of the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillya of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine and the testing centre of the Vinnytsia branch of the state institution “Institute of Soil Protection of Ukraine”. When watering peas with structured water, its yield increases by 42.3% compared to the version without water application and by 22.3% compared to the version with watering with plain water. Pea seeds when watered with structured water have a lower content of crude protein by 0.43 %, crude fat – by 0.09%, crude ash – by 0.63%, but a higher content of crude fibre by 0.11% and nitrogen-free extractives – by 0.99% compared to the version without water. The content of humus in the soil, when watered with structured water, was lower than in the version without water by 0.04%, lightly hydrolysed nitrogen – by 8.0%, mobile phosphorus – by 20.0%, exchangeable potassium – by 7.9%, the reaction of the soil solution – by 0.2 pH, hydrolytic acidity – by 21.7%, the concentration of mobile lead – by 18.4%. However, the concentration of mobile cadmium increased by 43.8% and soil moisture – by 4.3%. When comparing the indicators of the agroecological state of the soil, which was watered with structured and plain water, it was found that watering with structured water reduces the content of humus by 0.03%, lightly hydrolysed nitrogen – by 2.3%, mobile phosphorus – by 20%, exchange potassium – by 9.7%, hydrolytic acidity – by 7.7%, the reaction of the soil solution – by 0.3 pH, but increases the content of mobile lead by 10.9%, mobile cadmium – by 25.0% and increases the moisture content in the soil – by 2.7%
We studied the influence of complex application of inoculation and retardant on the formation of photosynthetic and seed productivity of white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) plants seed varieties. The field research was conducted on the basis of the research farm “Agronomichne” of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, village Agronomichne, Vinnytsa district, Vinnytsia region, Ukraine. Features of the growth and development of white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) plants are examined. There has been established a positive effect of the combination of inoculation with the bacterial agent and growth stimulator on the productivity of white lupine, which is important for the formation of high and stable yields. The papers presents the results of studies on the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar nutrion under conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the photosynthetic apparatus of white lupine plants. It has been established that bacterial agents and growth stimulators increase white lupine seed productivity due to optimization of the studied technological methods of cultivation. The optimal leaf surface area that provided maximum grain yield has been determined. The research has established a positive effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with the bacterial agent Rhizohumin and the growth stimulator Emistym C and foliar nutrition with Emistym C on the contents of chlorophyll a + b, observed the maximum yield of the white lupine leaves. The influence of the investigated technological methods on the formation of the photosynthetic and chlorophyll synthesis in the leaves of white lupine has been proved. The preparations studied induce intensive development of the photosynthetic apparatus, yield increase, improvement of the yield structure and they improve grain quality under conditions of right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The issue of seed bacterization and application of growth stimulators requires a more detailed study. Theefore, such researches are relevant and significance in terms of both practical and scientific value.
The article describes the characteristics of decorative species of the genus Lupinus L. in the course of introductory studies on the basis of experienced exhibition areas of the Botanical Garden «Podillya» of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. An analysis of the species composition of the genus Lupinus L. has been carried out and the prospects of their use for landscaping of various objects of the Podillya area have been determined. In order to differentiate plants in accordance with the scope of their possible use, the morphometric indices of the most promising representatives of this genus are given. It has been established that all investigated species are of interest as potentially valuable objects for enrichment of assortment of domestic ornamental plants. It is established that natural possibilities of representatives of the genus Lupinus L., plasticity to change their life form, high quality by the aggregate of characteristics that determine their decorative character, characterizes the investigated plants as a source for introducing and enriching the range of decorative cultures in Ukraine. Thus, the introduction of representatives of the genus Lupinus L. will enable to significantly expand the range of ornamental plants and enrich the cultivated flora of the Podillya region and Ukraine as a whole.
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