Urbanization is a widespread intense land use that generally results in biodiversity decline. Among the taxa capable to adapt to urban landscapes, bats are particularly ubiquitous. Brazil has one of the world's largest diversity of bat species and one of the highest urbanization rates of the world. Yet, few studies have synthesized the biology of bats in urban environments, especially in Brazil. To fill this gap, we systematically reviewed the published scientific literature on the bat fauna found in urban areas of Brazil. The knowledge of urban bats is still incipient and heterogeneously spatially distributed, mostly concentrated in the southeastern region of the country. The assembled list of 84 urban species, of which nineteen are new species records for urban areas (including one new family), represents 47% of the bat richness registered in the country. Thirty-one bat species (37%) were captured exclusively inside forest fragments. Moreover, we provide information on the resources used within the urban matrix by summarizing the roosting sites for 38 bat species, as well as 31 plants consumed by at least twelve bat species. Regarding parasitological aspects, we listed eleven zoonotic parasites hosted by 27 bat species and discussed their potential to become a public health threat. Likewise, we considered the different features linked to urbanization, including impacts on immunity, body condition and susceptibility to acquiring parasites, as possible bat conservation issues. Finally, we defined an agenda for bat studies in urban areas of Brazil.

Ametrida centurio Gray, 1847 is a small fruit-eating bat endemic to the Neotropics. In Brazil, its known distribu­tion is limited to the Amazon basin. We report the first record of A. centurio in the Atlantic Forest and extend its distribu­tion in approximately 1,500 km from the previously known easternmost locality. The record was made in the Guaribas Biological Reserve, located in the state of Paraíba, north­eastern Brazil. We intended to evaluate whether this record is accidental or might correspond to an emerging pattern for northeastern Brazil’s canopy.

This study provides the easternmost record of Molossops temminckii (Burmeister 1854), and the first for the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. These records were based on the capture of six specimens, three males and three females. The morphometric data and morphological characters were consistent with those described in the literature. This record extends the distributional range of the species approximately 470 km eastwards.

Two specimens of bats deposited in the mammal collection of Universidade Federal da Paraíba have been found: one young female of Artibeus planirostris and one adult male of Trachops cirrhosus. These reports represent the first record of these species for the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil.

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