We could show that the amount of drug escaping filtration in a realistic throat model under realistic delivery conditions predicts the typical total lung deposition in trained healthy adult subjects in the absence of significant exhaled mass. We could further show that by using combinations of throat models and flow profiles that represent realistic deviations from the typical case, variations in ex-cast deposition reflect between-subject variation in lung deposition. Further, we have demonstrated that ex-cast deposition collected either by a simple filter or by a cascade impactor operated at a fixed flow rate using a mixing inlet, to accommodate a variable flow profile through the inhaler, predicts equally well the lung deposited dose. Additionally, the ex-cast particle size distribution measured by this method may be relevant for predicting exhaled fraction and regional lung deposition by computational models.

Anderson previously received 13.2% share of the royalties received by the Sydney Local Health District (the owner of the intellectual property) for the use of mannitol to promote mucociliary clearance, and she is the inventor on the patent. She also owns shares of Pharmaxis Ltd worth less than US $5,000 that she purchased herself. Cipolla is a paid employee of Insmed Inc. Two of Insmed's products were discussed in these sections, including amikacin liposome inhalation suspension (ALIS, ARIKAYCE) and inhaled treprostinil palmitil. Daviskas received 16% share of the royalties received by the Sydney Local Health District (about US $10,000 per annum). She also owns shares of Pharmaxis worth less than US $3,000 that she purchased herself. Disse received compensation for consultant services from Boehringer Ingelheim, Actelion and Sanofi-Aventis in recent years. Olsson is owner of Mimetikos AB mentioned in the text.dx.