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Mackerel (Scomber australasicus) steaming juice (MSJ) can be a good source of proteins. However, it is often treated as food waste during the canning process. The objective of this study was to investigate the Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE-I) inhibitory and antioxidant activities from MSJ hydrolysates using in silico and in vitro approaches. Proteins extracted from MSJ were identified by proteomic techniques, followed by sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), in-gel digestion, tandem mass spectrometry and on-line Mascot database analysis. Myosin heavy chain (fast skeletal muscle), actin, myosin light chain 1 (skeletal muscle isoform), collagen alpha-2(I) chain, tropomyosin alpha-1 chain, beta-enolase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A and glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase were identified and further analyzed using BIOPEP-UWM database. In silico results indicated that MSJ proteins had potential bioactive peptides of antioxidant and ACE-I inhibitory activities. MSJ was then hydrolyzed using six proteases (papain, pepsin, proteinase k, alcalase, bromelain, thermolysin). In particular, pepsin hydrolysates (5 mg/mL) showed the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (61.54%) among others. Alcalase hydrolysates (5 mg/mL) exhibited the highest metal chelating activity (89.76%) and proteinase K hydrolysates (5 mg/mL) indicated the highest reducing power activity (1.52 abs). Moreover, pepsin hydrolysates (0.1 mg/mL) possessed the highest ACE inhibitory activity (86.15%). Current findings suggest that MSJ hydrolysates can be a potential material to produce ACE-I inhibitory and antioxidant peptides as nutraceutical or pharmaceutical ingredients/products with added values.

This study presents a Web2.0-based Omnibearing Homecare System (Web2OHS) that uses our proposed Application Layer Somecast (ALS) protocol for real-time interactions. Web2OHS provides omnibearing homecare and patientcare services for medical staff and caregivers, which are capable of assisting families, physicians, and nurses to obtain patients' physiological information using healthcare sensors, as well as monitor their behaviors using monitoring-based services. Web2OHS is a three-tier architecture that consists of Web2OHS clients, the Web2.0-based Patientcare Service Platform (WPSP), and the Medicine-based Active Database (MADB). Users can interact with Web2OHS using various appliances and retrieve the latest physiological and monitoring data using really simple syndication (RSS) and the proposed ALS services. The WPSP supports Web2.0-based applications, including blog-like monitoring services, monitoring-based RSS services, a real-time interaction services, and ALS services. The MADB provides a well-designed database, which stores physiological information, clinical information, digital imaging and communications in medicine image files, and monitoring frames. All of the delivered messages are based on extensible markup language and the Health Level 7 protocol. The proposed Web2OHS can support medical informatics and is compatible with related medical information systems.

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