Reliable people counting is crucial to many urban applications. However, most existing people counting systems are sensor-based and can only work in some fixed gateways or checkpoints where sensors have been installed. This high dependence on the exact locations of sensors leads to low accuracy. To overcome these limitations, in this paper, we propose a smartphone-based people counting system, Wi-Counter, by leveraging the pervasive Wi-Fi infrastructure. To collect comprehensive Wi-Fi signals and people count information based on crowdsource, Wi-Counter first adopts a preprocessor to overcome the noisy, discrepant, and fragile data based on the Wiener filter and Newton interpolation. It then makes use of the designated five-layer neural network to learn the relation model between the Wi-Fi signals and the number of people. By analyzing the received Wi-Fi signals, Wi-Counter can estimate the number of people based on the resulting model. We have conducted experiments by implementing a prototype of Wicounter based on smartphones and evaluated the system in terms of accuracy and power consumption in an indoor testbed covering an area of 96 m 2 . Wi-Counter achieved a counting accuracy of up to 93% and exhibited reliable and robust performance resisting temporal environmental changes with negligible power usage.

If it is the author's pre-published version, changes introduced as a result of publishing processes such as copy-editing and formatting may not be reflected in this document. For a definitive version of this work, please refer to the published version.

If it is the author's pre-published version, changes introduced as a result of publishing processes such as copy-editing and formatting may not be reflected in this document. For a definitive version of this work, please refer to the published version.

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