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Coherent light-matter interaction at the single photon and electronic qubit level promises the remarkable potential for nonclassical information processing. Against the efforts of improving the figure of merit of the cavities, here we demonstrate strong anharmonicity in the polariton dressed states via dark state resonances in a highly dissipative cavity. It is shown that vacuum Rabi oscillation occurs for a single quantum emitter inside a cavity even with bosonic decay-to-interaction rate ratio exceeding 10 2 , when the photon field is coupled to an auxiliary high-Q cavity. Moreover, photon blockade is observable in such a highly-dissipative cavity quantum electrodynamics system. This study provides a promising platform for overcoming decoherence and advancing the coherent manipulation of polariton qubits. PACS numbers: 42.50.Pq, 42.50.Ct Cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) (for a review, see [1]) provides a critical resource for quantum information processing [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] . For coherent manipulation, a key prerequisite is to reach the strong coupling regime, where the emitter-field coupling strength exceeds the decay rates of the emitter and the cavity field. In the past two decades great efforts have been made to improve the quality (Q) factor and reduce the mode volume (V ) of the resonators for stronger interactions, using Fabry-Pérot cavities [13,14], Bragg cavities [15-17], whispering-gallery mode cavities [18-23] , photonic crystal cavities [24-30], hybrid plasmonic-photonic cavities [31] and transmission-line microwave cavities [32], along with theoretical studies of coupled-cavity QED through a waveguide [33][34][35][36]. However, it remains difficult to achieve high Q and small V simultaneously for the sametype resonator. Fundamentally, this is related to the diffraction limit. A smaller V corresponds to a larger radiative decay rate and more significant roughness scattering, leading to a lower Q. Different-type resonators possess their own unique properties, but the trade-off between high Q and small V still exists. For example, whispering-gallery mode cavities possess ultrahigh Q factors, while the mode volumes are relatively large; for photonic crystal cavities, sub-wavelength light confinement can be realized whereas the Q factors are relatively low.Unlike the efforts to improve the Q/ √ V figure of merit of the cavities, here we propose to reach the strong coupling regime via dark state resonances, which removes the requirement for high Q and small V for the same cavity. By coupling the originally weak-coupled cavity QED system with high cavity dissipation to an auxiliary cavity mode with high-Q but large V , a strong dark state interaction takes place. We demonstrate that vacuum Rabi oscillations and anharmonicity in the polariton dressed states occur even when the cavity decay rate is FIG. 1. (color online) (a) Schematic of the cavity QED system coupled to an auxiliary cavity. (b) Energy level diagram of the coupled system. The lowest four energy levels are plotted, i...

Confined fluids and electrolyte solutions in nanopores exhibit rich and surprising physics and chemistry that impact the mass transport and energy efficiency in many important natural systems and industrial applications. Existing theories often fail to predict the exotic effects observed in the narrowest of such pores, called single-digit nanopores (SDNs), which have diameters or conduit widths of less than 10 nm, and have only recently become accessible for experimental measurements. What SDNs reveal has been surprising, including a rapidly increasing number of examples such as extraordinarily fast water transport, distorted fluid-phase boundaries, strong ion-correlation and quantum effects, and dielectric anomalies that are not observed in larger pores. Exploiting these effects presents myriad opportunities in both basic and applied research that stand to impact a host of new technologies at the water−energy nexus, from new membranes for precise separations and water purification to new gas permeable materials for water electrolyzers and energy-storage devices. SDNs also present unique opportunities to achieve ultrasensitive and selective chemical sensing at the single-ion and single-molecule limit. In this review article, we summarize the progress on nanofluidics of SDNs, with a focus on the confinement effects that arise in these extremely narrow nanopores. The recent development of precision model systems, transformative experimental tools, and multiscale theories that have played enabling roles in advancing this frontier are reviewed. We also identify new knowledge gaps in our understanding of nanofluidic transport and provide an outlook for the future challenges and opportunities at this rapidly advancing frontier.