Nature creates fascinating self‐organized spatiotemporal patterns through the delicate control of reaction‐diffusion dynamics. As the primary unit of cortical bone, osteon has concentric lamellar architecture, which plays a crucial role in the mechanical and physiological functions of bone. However, it remains a great challenge to fabricate the osteon‐like structure in a natural self‐organization way. Taking advantage of the nonequilibrium reaction in hydrogels, a simple mineralization strategy to closely mimic the formation of osteon in a mild physiological condition is developed. By constructing two reverse concentration gradients of ions from periphery to interior of cylindrical hydrogel, spatiotemporal self‐organization of calcium phosphate in concentric rings is generated. It is noteworthy that minerals in different layers possess diverse contents and crystalline phases, which further guide the adhesion and spread of osteoblasts on these patterns, resembling the architecture and cytological behavior of osteon. Besides, theoretical data indicates the predominate role of ion concentrations and pH values of solution, in good accordance with experimental results. Independent of precise instruments, this lifelike method is easily obtained, cost‐efficient, and effectively imitates the mineral deposition in osteon from a physiochemical view. The strategy may be expanded to develop other functional material patterns via spatiotemporal self‐organization.
With the continuous development of society, the demand of patients for highly accurate and intelligent bionic hands has been increasing, and the control of bionic hands has been greatly improved at this stage, but it is still lacking in precision and sensitivity, and the manufacturing cost is also high. This paper focuses on the most mainstream research on various control methods for bionic hand, lists the specific advantages and disadvantages of different control methods by reading the literature, summarizing and comparing them, and making an in-depth prediction on the future development of the bionic hand. In conclusion, the control mode of the bionic hand still needs to be further studied and combined with different control modes to solve existing problems.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.