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Resource sharing among vehicles can highly improve the capability and efficiency of Internet of Vehicles (IoV). However, it is challenging to establish trust and preserve privacy during the resource sharing process because of the high mobility and topological variability in IoV. Emerging blockchain technology expresses the excellent performance in handling distributed trust due to its verifiable and immutable ledger. In this paper, we first propose a consortium blockchain-based resource sharing paradigm in IoV, in which the resource sharing interactions are encapsulated as transactions and recorded by Road Side Units (RSUs). Moreover, a lightweight consensus mechanism named as Proof-of-Reputation is proposed to reduce computational power consumption and motivate vehicles involved in resource sharing. Finally a differentiated resource pricing scheme is proposed based on the dynamic match game of resource demand and supply. The reputation value is designed to indicate the trustworthy degree of vehicles, and the trust is established via the consensus procedure. We couple the resource sharing process and consensus together by utilizing the reputation value of each vehicle. The security and privacy analysis as well as simulation experiments on communication performance can verify the efficiency of the proposed blockchain system. INDEX TERMS Internet of Vehicles, lightweight blockchain, trust management. I. INTRODUCTION With the emergence of internet of Vehicles (IoV), various smart devices are linked to enable the fast and efficient applications [1]. IoV is an emerging paradigm to support the evolution of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), which is highly characterized by gathering, sharing, processing, computing, and secure release of data services onto information platforms. IoV shows advantages on providing various services such as autonomous driving, accident alarming and mobile advertising [2], [3]. However, due to the high mobility and short interaction time of vehicles, it is difficult to directly utilize traditional cellular-based communication technologies in IoV to implement latency-sensitive applications. To enable the latency-sensitive applications, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication has emerged as a promising technology for IoV [4]. In this case, the connected vehicles enable a The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Shui Yu.

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