Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a severe public health issue worldwide. 1 The pathophysiology of TBI consists of primary injury and secondary injury. Oxidative stress has been implicated in numerous secondary pathological processes. 2 As a neuroinflammation-induced process related to dysfunctional organelles, 3 oxidative stress generates an end product known as malondialdehyde (MDA). Finally, it activates the signal pathways related to cell death-like necroptosis, 4 pyroptosis, 5 and autophagy. 6 Therefore, antioxidant therapy serves as an important strategy for the treatment of TBI. 7

The prognosis of glioma patients is closely associated with the expression of immune cells and oncoproteins. Therefore, protein-related signatures were conducted to improve the prediction of overall survival (OS) in glioma patients after surgery. Differential oncoproteins were selected from the Renji cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model is designed to construct the multiple oncoprotein model related to OS in two test series. Furthermore, the 6-oncoprotein model was tight associated with immune cell infiltration, immune function, and immunotherapy. In summary, the 6-oncoprotein marker, a favorable biomarker for the prognosis and immune characteristics of glioma, could help individualized immunotherapy for patients with glioma.

The prognosis of glioma patients is closely associated with the expression of immune cells and oncoproteins. Therefore, protein-related signatures were conducted to improve the prediction of overall survival (OS) in glioma patients after surgery. Differential oncoproteins were selected from the Renji cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model is designed to construct the multiple oncoprotein model related to OS in two test series. Furthermore, the 6-oncoprotein model was tight associated with immune cell infiltration, immune function, and immunotherapy. In summary, the 6-oncoprotein marker, a favorable biomarker for the prognosis and immune characteristics of glioma, could help individualized immunotherapy for patients with glioma.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common neurological disease. Netrin-1 and deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) receptor are potential biomarkers associated with nerve regeneration and immune regulation. We aimed to investigate the ability of the DCC receptor and Netrin-1 to predict a high ICP level after operation in severe traumatic brain injury and their prognostic significance. This study is a prospective observational study. We selected 23 patients with traumatic brain injury who had undergone surgical operations as subjects. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on the contusion tissue that was removed by the operation to determine the expression of DCC receptor. At the same time, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to detect the serum Netrin-1 content. Determination of intracranial pressure (ICP) value was measured by intraventricular catheter. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score at six months after trauma was defined as the main study endpoint. The results showed that serum Netrin-1 concentrations of patients in the critical TBI group (GCS 3–5 points) was significantly lower than that in the severe TBI group (GCS 6–8 points). The ICP peak and average mannitol consumption in the high Netrin-1 group were significantly lower than those in the low Netrin-1 group. DCC receptor-positive patients had a significantly lower ICP peak. There was no significant difference in six month-GOS scores between patients in the high and low Netrin-1 groups, while DCC receptor concentrations below 3.82 ng/mL predicted poor prognosis (GOS 1–3 points). In conclusion, the expression level of the DCC receptor can better evaluate the postoperative high ICP level and prognosis than the level of serum Netrin-1 in severe traumatic brain injury.